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Samenvatting Zenuwstelsel volledig uitgewerkt om toets te halen jaar 1 $8.52
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Samenvatting Zenuwstelsel volledig uitgewerkt om toets te halen jaar 1

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In deze samenvatting vind je een volledige uitwerking van het zenuwstelsel zodat je het boek niet nodig hebt. Hierin staat alles om de toets te kunnen halen. Ik heb dit aan de hand van college's en het boek gemaakt.

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  • January 5, 2024
  • 69
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary
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Inhoudsopgave

Biomedisch: zenuwstelsel ............................................................................................................................... 5

CZS Centraal Zenuwstelsel .............................................................................................................................. 5
Hersenen en ruggenmerg ................................................................................................................................... 5
De basis .............................................................................................................................................................. 5
Sensorische input (): ........................................................................................................................................... 5
Subonderdeel motorische deel: .......................................................................................................................... 5
Willekeurig:.................................................................................................................................................... 5
Onwillekeurig:................................................................................................................................................ 5
Subonderdeel sensorisch: ................................................................................................................................... 6

Neuronen: de zenuwcellen ............................................................................................................................. 6
Typen neuronen: ................................................................................................................................................. 6
Dendrieten .......................................................................................................................................................... 7

Signaaloverdracht actiepotentiaal: ................................................................................................................. 8
Actiepotentiaal: .................................................................................................................................................. 8
Depolarisatie.................................................................................................................................................. 8
Repolarisatie .................................................................................................................................................. 8
Na depo en repolarisatie .................................................................................................................................... 8
Myeline en de actiepotentiaal ............................................................................................................................ 8
Gemyeliniseerd axon .......................................................................................................................................... 9
Uiteinde axon: synaps ........................................................................................................................................ 9
Depolarisatie heeft plaatsgevonden: ................................................................................................................. 9
Synaps en neurotransmitters kenmerken: ........................................................................................................ 10
Bekende neurotransmitters: ....................................................................................................................... 10
Signaaloverdracht ............................................................................................................................................ 10
OPTELSOM VAN NEGATIEF EN POSITIEF .......................................................................................................... 11

Anatomie van de hersenen ........................................................................................................................... 12
Vier belangrijkste:............................................................................................................................................. 12
Grote hersenen: ................................................................................................................................................ 12
Cerebellum: ...................................................................................................................................................... 13
Diencephalon .................................................................................................................................................... 13
Hersenstam: ..................................................................................................................................................... 13
Limbisch systeem: ............................................................................................................................................. 13
Vier kwabben:................................................................................................................................................... 14
Motorische gebieden ........................................................................................................................................ 14
Sensorische gebieden ....................................................................................................................................... 14

, Homunculus ...................................................................................................................................................... 14
Hersenvliezen (meningen) ................................................................................................................................ 15
Bloed-hersenbarrière: ....................................................................................................................................... 15
Waarom zo belangrijk:................................................................................................................................. 15
Hersenzenuwen: linker en rechter, 24 totaal.................................................................................................... 16
Tabel type: ........................................................................................................................................................ 16
Ezelsbruggetje: ............................................................................................................................................ 16
Nervus vagus .................................................................................................................................................... 18

Les twee ....................................................................................................................................................... 19
Ruggenmerg ..................................................................................................................................................... 19
Functies ruggenmerg ........................................................................................................................................ 19
Ruggenmergzenuwen: ...................................................................................................................................... 19
Neurale banen: ................................................................................................................................................. 20
Motorische banen: ........................................................................................................................................... 20
Sensorische banen: ........................................................................................................................................... 20
Weetjes:............................................................................................................................................................ 20
Hoe wordt het beschermd? .............................................................................................................................. 20

Dermatomen/myotomen.............................................................................................................................. 21
Myotomen: ....................................................................................................................................................... 21

Reflex: .......................................................................................................................................................... 22
Somatische reflexen ......................................................................................................................................... 22
Viscerale reflexen ............................................................................................................................................. 22
Hoe verloopt een reflex?................................................................................................................................... 22
Klinische setting: neurologische onderzoek ...................................................................................................... 22
Parasympatische zenuwstelsel: ........................................................................................................................ 23
Sympathische zenuwstelsel: ............................................................................................................................. 23
Bij somatische zenuwstelsel ............................................................................................................................. 23
Opbouw motorisch banen AZS ......................................................................................................................... 24
Motorische baan: ............................................................................................................................................. 24

Neurotransmitters: ....................................................................................................................................... 26

Les 3 Pathologie ............................................................................................................................................ 27
CVA: cerebrovasculair accident ........................................................................................................................ 27
Hoe kunnen we het herkennen? ....................................................................................................................... 27
Risicofactoren: .................................................................................................................................................. 28
Waar in het brein treedt het op? ...................................................................................................................... 28
Beperkte behandeling: ..................................................................................................................................... 28
Chronisch en acuut: .......................................................................................................................................... 29

,Traumatisch hersenletsel .............................................................................................................................. 30

Epilepsie: ...................................................................................................................................................... 31

Parkinson: .................................................................................................................................................... 34
Tremor; handen ................................................................................................................................................ 35

Les 4 ............................................................................................................................................................. 36

Type pijnen: .................................................................................................................................................. 37
Thalamus: ......................................................................................................................................................... 38
Inflammatie: ..................................................................................................................................................... 39
Paracetamol: .................................................................................................................................................... 39
Belangrijk: ........................................................................................................................................................ 40
Opioïden: .......................................................................................................................................................... 40

Neuropatische pijn: ...................................................................................................................................... 42
Anti-depressiva: ................................................................................................................................................ 42
Zonder medicatie: ............................................................................................................................................. 42

Les 5 ............................................................................................................................................................. 43

Botten en botstructuur: ................................................................................................................................ 43
Osteon: ............................................................................................................................................................. 43

Soorten botten: ............................................................................................................................................ 44
Humerus: .......................................................................................................................................................... 44

Botvorming en groei: enchondrale ossifocatie .............................................................................................. 45
Verkalking:........................................................................................................................................................ 45
Fractuur ontstaan: ............................................................................................................................................ 46
Ezelsbruggertje: ................................................................................................................................................ 47

Indeling van de gewrichten ........................................................................................................................... 47

Bindweefselgewrichten: ............................................................................................................................... 47

Fibreuze gewrichten: kraakbeen verbindingen .............................................................................................. 48

Synoviale gewrichten: meesten in ons lichaam ............................................................................................. 48

Indeling volgens vorm botten ....................................................................................................................... 49

Voorbeelden: ................................................................................................................................................ 49

Circumductie: ............................................................................................................................................... 50
Ezelsbruggetje: ................................................................................................................................................. 50

Speciale bewegingen: ................................................................................................................................... 51

, Kenmerken en anatomie van geselecteerde gewrichten ............................................................................... 51

Het kaakgewricht .......................................................................................................................................... 51

De wervelkolom ........................................................................................................................................... 52

De schouder.................................................................................................................................................. 52

De elle boog:................................................................................................................................................. 53

De heup ........................................................................................................................................................ 54

De knie ......................................................................................................................................................... 54

Enkel en voet ................................................................................................................................................ 55

Anatomie skeletspierweefsel ........................................................................................................................ 55

Spieren leren: ............................................................................................................................................... 56

Les 6 ............................................................................................................................................................. 60
Pathologie van het bewegingsapparaat .......................................................................................................... 60

Fracturen: ..................................................................................................................................................... 60

Soorten fracturen: ........................................................................................................................................ 60

Fracturen kinderleeftijd: ............................................................................................................................... 61

Reuma: ......................................................................................................................................................... 62
RA ..................................................................................................................................................................... 62

Medicatie bij RA ........................................................................................................................................... 63

Artrose: aandoening kraakbeen .................................................................................................................... 64

Behandeling.................................................................................................................................................. 64

Lokale behandeling ....................................................................................................................................... 65

Niet medicamenteuze behandeling............................................................................................................... 65

Behandeling medicamenteus ........................................................................................................................ 66

Osteoporose ................................................................................................................................................. 66

Behandeling niet- medicamenteus ................................................................................................................ 67

Osteomalacie ................................................................................................................................................ 67

Osteomalacie ................................................................................................................................................ 68

Soorten spierdystrofie .................................................................................................................................. 69

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