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Samenvatting Gezondheidspsychologie
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GezondheidspsychologieInhoudsopgave
Wat is gezondheid? .......................................................................................................................................... 6
Wat is gezondheid? Veranderende perspectieven ............................................................................................. 6
Relatie tussen lichaam en geest .................................................................................................................... 6
Biomedisch ziektemodel ................................................................................................................................ 7
Vraagtekens bij dualisme: psychosociale modellen voor gezondheid en ziekte ........................................... 7
Biopsychosociaal ziektemodel ....................................................................................................................... 7
Gedrag, dood en ziekte.................................................................................................................................. 8
Individuele, culturele en leeftijd gerelateerde perspectieven op gezondheid .................................................... 8
Lekentheorieën over gezondheid .................................................................................................................. 8
Definitie van gezondheid van de WHO Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie ....................................................... 9
Crossculturele perspectieven op gezondheid ............................................................................................... 9
Levensloop en gezondheid ............................................................................................................................ 9
Wat is gezondheidspsychologie? ........................................................................................................................ 9
Wat is het verband tussen psychologie en gezondheid? .............................................................................. 9
Sociale verschillen in ziekte en gezondheid .................................................................................................... 11
Gezondheidsverschillen .................................................................................................................................... 11
Bewijs voor gezondheidsverschillen ............................................................................................................ 11
Ook onder mensen met een hoge SES komen gezondheidsverschillen voor .............................................. 11
Verklaringen voor ongelijkheid in gezondheid tussen sociaaleconomische groepen ................................. 12
Balans werk-leven en stress ........................................................................................................................ 12
Werkloosheid............................................................................................................................................... 12
Minderheidsstatus en gezondheid.................................................................................................................... 13
Verschillen in gezond gedrag tussen etnische minderheidsgroepen .......................................................... 13
Geslacht en gezondheid.................................................................................................................................... 13
Biologische verschillen................................................................................................................................. 13
Verschillen in gedrag ................................................................................................................................... 13
Ongezond gedrag ........................................................................................................................................... 14
Wat is gezondheidsbevorderend gedrag? ........................................................................................................ 14
Ongezond gedrag......................................................................................................................................... 14
Roken, drinken en gebruik van illegale drugs ................................................................................................... 15
Roken ........................................................................................................................................................... 15
E-sig ............................................................................................................................................................. 17
Drinken ........................................................................................................................................................ 22
Gebruik van illegale drugs ........................................................................................................................... 23
Waarom beginnen mensen met het gebruik van potentieel verslavende stoffen? .................................... 23
Ongezond gedrag voortzetten en verslaving ............................................................................................... 23
Stopgedrag .................................................................................................................................................. 23
Gedachten over behandeling van verslaving............................................................................................... 23
Onbeschermd seksueel gedrag ......................................................................................................................... 24
Negatieve effecten van onveilig vrijen op de gezondheid........................................................................... 24
Het gebruik van condooms .......................................................................................................................... 24
Ongezond voedingspatroon ............................................................................................................................. 24
Vetopname en cholesterol .......................................................................................................................... 25
1
, Overgewicht ..................................................................................................................................................... 25
Negatieve gevolgen ..................................................................................................................................... 26
Prevalentie ................................................................................................................................................... 26
Oorzaken ..................................................................................................................................................... 26
Gezond gedrag ............................................................................................................................................... 27
Compliantiegedrag ........................................................................................................................................... 27
Definitie ....................................................................................................................................................... 27
Zijn mensen therapietrouw ......................................................................................................................... 27
Waarom volgen mensen medische aanbevelingen behandelingen niet op? .............................................. 27
Gezonde voeding .............................................................................................................................................. 27
De gezondheidsvoordelen van het eten van groente en fruit ..................................................................... 27
Aanbevelingen voor gezonde voeding ........................................................................................................ 27
Hoe gezond eten Belgen? ............................................................................................................................ 28
Voedselvoorkeuren ..................................................................................................................................... 28
Lichaamsbeweging ........................................................................................................................................... 28
Aanbevelingen voor lichaamsbeweging ...................................................................................................... 28
Wat zijn de gunstige lichamelijke effecten van lichaamsbeweging? ........................................................... 29
De psychologische voordelen van lichaambeweging .................................................................................. 29
Waarom sporten mensen? .......................................................................................................................... 29
Gezondheidsscreening ...................................................................................................................................... 29
Screening op risicofactoren ......................................................................................................................... 29
Ziektedetectiescreening .............................................................................................................................. 29
Deelname aan screeningsprogramma’s ...................................................................................................... 30
Vaccinatie ......................................................................................................................................................... 30
Modellen voor het voorspellen van gedrag .................................................................................................... 31
Distale invloeden op gezondheidsgedrag ......................................................................................................... 31
Demografische invloeden ............................................................................................................................ 31
Persoonlijkheidskenmerken ........................................................................................................................ 31
Zelbeschikkingstheorie ................................................................................................................................ 32
Modellen van gezondheidsgedrag ................................................................................................................... 32
Attitudes ...................................................................................................................................................... 32
Risico-inschatting en onrealistisch optimisme ............................................................................................ 33
Zelfeffectiviteit (self-efficacy) ...................................................................................................................... 33
Campagne met verschillende modellen ...................................................................................................... 33
Sociale en cognitieve modellen van gedragsverandering ................................................................................ 33
Sociaal cognitieve theorie............................................................................................................................ 33
Het health belief-model............................................................................................................................... 34
Modellen voor gefaseerde gedragsverandering .............................................................................................. 35
Het transtheoretische model (TTM) of SOCM (stages of chance model) .................................................... 35
Het health action process approach-model (HAPA) .................................................................................... 36
Gedragsverandering: mechanismen en methoden + preventie van gezondheidsproblemen .......................... 37
Het ontwikkelen van interventies voor de volksgezondheid ............................................................................. 37
Strategieën om risicogedrag te veranderen ..................................................................................................... 37
Motiveren tot verandering .......................................................................................................................... 37
Het gebruik van massamedia ........................................................................................................................... 40
Strategieën om risicogedrag te veranderen ..................................................................................................... 40
Gedrag veranderen ...................................................................................................................................... 40
De juiste toepassing..................................................................................................................................... 42
2
, Programma’s voor gezondheidsbevordering.................................................................................................... 42
Interventieprogramma’s voor de gemeenschap ......................................................................................... 42
Het risico op hiv-infectie verminderen ........................................................................................................ 42
Gezondheidsbevordering op het werk ........................................................................................................ 42
Interventies op school ................................................................................................................................. 43
Werken met peers ....................................................................................................................................... 43
Het gebruik van nieuwe technologieën ............................................................................................................ 43
Stress, gezondheid en ziekte: theorie ............................................................................................................. 44
Concepten van stress ........................................................................................................................................ 44
Stress als reactie op een stimulus (= stressor) ............................................................................................ 44
Stress als transactie ..................................................................................................................................... 45
Typen stress ...................................................................................................................................................... 46
Acute stress ................................................................................................................................................. 46
Chronische stress ......................................................................................................................................... 47
Stress als fysiologische reactie ......................................................................................................................... 47
Het verband tussen stress en ziekte ................................................................................................................. 49
De directe route .......................................................................................................................................... 49
De indirecte route ....................................................................................................................................... 49
Stress en verkoudheid ................................................................................................................................. 49
Stress en hart- en vaatziekten ..................................................................................................................... 49
Stress en kanker .......................................................................................................................................... 49
Stress en darmaandoeningen ...................................................................................................................... 50
Stress en hiv/aids ......................................................................................................................................... 50
Conclusie ..................................................................................................................................................... 50
Pijn ................................................................................................................................................................. 51
De pijnbeleving ................................................................................................................................................. 51
Typen pijn .................................................................................................................................................... 51
De prevalentie van pijn ................................................................................................................................ 51
Leven met pijn ............................................................................................................................................. 52
Biologische modellen voor pijn ......................................................................................................................... 52
Pijn in afwezigheid van pijnreceptoren ....................................................................................................... 53
Pijnreceptoren die geen pijn registreren ..................................................................................................... 53
Psycholohische invloeden op pijn................................................................................................................ 53
Een psychobiologische theorie over pijn ........................................................................................................... 54
Poortcontroletheorie (gate control theory) 1965 ....................................................................................... 54
Mensen leren met pijn om te gaan................................................................................................................... 56
Het meten van pijn ...................................................................................................................................... 56
Acute pijn ..................................................................................................................................................... 57
Chronische pijn ............................................................................................................................................ 57
Pijnklinieken ................................................................................................................................................ 58
Slaap .............................................................................................................................................................. 60
Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................................ 60
Definitie ....................................................................................................................................................... 60
Slaaponderzoek ................................................................................................................................................ 61
Slaapstadia ....................................................................................................................................................... 61
Slaapstadium 1 ............................................................................................................................................ 61
Slaapstadium 2 ............................................................................................................................................ 62
Slaapstadium 3 en 4 .................................................................................................................................... 62
3
, Slaapstadium 5 ............................................................................................................................................ 62
Slaapcyclus................................................................................................................................................... 62
Circadiane ritmen ............................................................................................................................................. 62
Leeftijd .............................................................................................................................................................. 63
Slaapbehoefte.............................................................................................................................................. 63
Slaapstadia................................................................................................................................................... 63
Slaapstoornissen............................................................................................................................................... 63
Classificaties ................................................................................................................................................ 63
Insomnieën .................................................................................................................................................. 64
Hyperinsomnieën ........................................................................................................................................ 64
Dissomnieën ................................................................................................................................................ 64
Parasomnieën .............................................................................................................................................. 64
Slaapmiddelen .................................................................................................................................................. 64
Begeleiding ....................................................................................................................................................... 65
Info verzamelen over klacht ........................................................................................................................ 65
Stoppen met slaapmiddelen ........................................................................................................................ 65
Veranderen slaapomstandigheden ............................................................................................................. 65
Veranderen gewoonten/gedrag .................................................................................................................. 66
Slaapbeperking en paradoxale opdrachten ................................................................................................. 66
Conlusie ........................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
ME/CVS .......................................................................................................................................................... 68
Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................................ 68
Een recent fenomeen? ................................................................................................................................ 68
Epidemiologie .............................................................................................................................................. 68
Omschrijving ................................................................................................................................................ 68
Symptomen ...................................................................................................................................................... 69
Etiologie ............................................................................................................................................................ 69
Kwetsbaarheidsfactoren .............................................................................................................................. 69
Uitlokkende factoren ................................................................................................................................... 70
Onderhoudende factoren ............................................................................................................................ 70
Diagnose ........................................................................................................................................................... 71
Behandeling ...................................................................................................................................................... 71
Referentiecentra ............................................................................................................................................... 72
Cognitief gedragstherapeutisch programma ................................................................................................... 73
Situering....................................................................................................................................................... 73
Inhoud ......................................................................................................................................................... 73
Gastcollege e-health ...................................................................................................................................... 74
E-mental health ................................................................................................................................................ 74
Online consultaties & corona ...................................................................................................................... 74
Websites ...................................................................................................................................................... 74
Online zelfhulp via apps............................................................................................................................... 74
Begeleide online zelfhulp ............................................................................................................................ 75
Chatbots ...................................................................................................................................................... 75
Psychotherapie – EMA................................................................................................................................. 75
Wearables voor psychofysiologie ................................................................................................................ 75
Psychotherapie - VR..................................................................................................................................... 75
Augmented Reality ...................................................................................................................................... 75
Wearables ........................................................................................................................................................ 76
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