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School - en pedagogischepsychologie
Inhoudsopgave
Inleiding: kinderen en jongeren met gedrags- en emotionele problemen........................................................6
Wat zijn gedrags- en emotionele problemen?.....................................................................................................6
Terminologie....................................................................................................................................................6
Aandachtspunten bij het definiëren van gedrags- en emotionele problemen...............................................6
Classificatie van gedrags- en emotionele problemen..........................................................................................7
Epidemiologisch onderzoek naar gedrags- en emotionele problemen bij kinderen en jongeren........................7
Etiologie van gedrags- en emotionele problemen...............................................................................................8
Hoe zien verklaringsmodellen eruit?...............................................................................................................8
Uitgangspunten van verklaringsmodellen voor psychopathologie.................................................................9
Diagnostiek van gedrags- en emotionele problemen........................................................................................10
Behandeling van gedrags- en emotionele problemen.......................................................................................10
Algemene aspecten van behandeling............................................................................................................10
Kinderen en jongeren met een licht verstandelijke beperking.......................................................................11
Definitie en criteria.............................................................................................................................................11
Voor de diagnose verstandelijke beperking moet er voldaan worden aan 3 criteria...................................11
Kinderen en jongeren met een LVB in de Vlaamse onderwijs- en zorgcontext..................................................12
Kenmerken van kinderen en jongeren met een LVB..........................................................................................12
Implicaties voor de diagnostiek..........................................................................................................................14
Diagnostische instrumenten (niet kennen in reader).........................................................................................14
Aansluiting tussen diagnostiek en advisering....................................................................................................14
Begeleiding.........................................................................................................................................................14
Lezen, spellen en dyslexie............................................................................................................................ 16
Inleiding..............................................................................................................................................................16
Leren lezen.....................................................................................................................................................16
Leren spellen..................................................................................................................................................16
Spellingstrategieën en spellingcategorieën...................................................................................................17
Definities en begrippen......................................................................................................................................17
Kenmerken = signalen...................................................................................................................................18
Classificatie Dyslexie (diagnostische criteria).....................................................................................................18
Comorbiditeit......................................................................................................................................................20
Prevalentie.........................................................................................................................................................20
Prognose.............................................................................................................................................................20
Rekenen en dyscalculie................................................................................................................................ 21
Deel 1: Rekenen..................................................................................................................................................21
Inleiding.........................................................................................................................................................21
Ontwikkeling aantallen, hoeveelheden en relaties.......................................................................................21
1
, Specifieke rekenvaardigheden......................................................................................................................22
Didactiek........................................................................................................................................................23
Deel 2: Dyscalculie..............................................................................................................................................24
Kenmerken.....................................................................................................................................................24
Definitie en criteria........................................................................................................................................24
Comorbiditeit.................................................................................................................................................25
Prevalentie.....................................................................................................................................................25
Prognose en verloop......................................................................................................................................25
M-decreet en zorgcontinuüm in de leerlingenbegeleiding............................................................................26
Inleiding..............................................................................................................................................................26
M-decreet...........................................................................................................................................................26
Zorgcontinuüm in de leerlingenbegeleiding.......................................................................................................26
Fase 0: brede basiszorg..................................................................................................................................26
Fase 1: verhoogde zorg..................................................................................................................................27
Fase 2: uitbreiding van zorg...........................................................................................................................27
Fase 3: individueel aangepast curriculum (IAC)............................................................................................27
Ondersteuningsnetwerken.................................................................................................................................27
Problemen en kritiek M-decreet.........................................................................................................................28
Flexibele leerwegen............................................................................................................................................28
Soorten flexibele leerwegen..........................................................................................................................28
Integrale jeugdhulp...................................................................................................................................... 29
Inleiding..............................................................................................................................................................29
6 doelstellingen nieuwe decreet.........................................................................................................................29
Schema’s............................................................................................................................................................29
Vereenvoudigd schema.................................................................................................................................30
Gedetailleerd schema....................................................................................................................................30
RTJ..................................................................................................................................................................30
NRTJ...............................................................................................................................................................31
Brede jeugdhulp............................................................................................................................................35
ADHD........................................................................................................................................................... 36
Kenmerken van kinderen met ADHD..................................................................................................................36
Criteria van ADHD volgens DSM 5......................................................................................................................36
Kenmerken van ADHD op verschillende leeftijden.............................................................................................37
Differentiaaldiagnose en comorbiditeit.............................................................................................................38
Prevalentie.........................................................................................................................................................39
Culturele en maatschappelijke invloeden..........................................................................................................39
Etiologie (risico- en beschermende factoren).....................................................................................................39
Genetische en biologische risicofactoren......................................................................................................39
Omgevingsfactoren........................................................................................................................................39
(Neuro)psychologische factoren...................................................................................................................40
Diagnostiek.........................................................................................................................................................40
Preventie en behandeling...................................................................................................................................41
Drie bewezen therapievormen......................................................................................................................42
Drie nieuwe, mogelijke behandelmethoden.................................................................................................44
Conclusie........................................................................................................................................................44
2
,DCD en taalstoornissen................................................................................................................................ 45
DCD.....................................................................................................................................................................45
Klinisch beeld.................................................................................................................................................45
Criteria...........................................................................................................................................................46
Prevalentie.....................................................................................................................................................46
Prognose........................................................................................................................................................46
Diagnostiek....................................................................................................................................................46
Begeleiding....................................................................................................................................................47
Taalstoornissen..................................................................................................................................................47
Inleiding.........................................................................................................................................................47
Problemen in de taalontwikkeling.................................................................................................................48
Criteria Primaire spraak- en taalontwikkelingsproblemen............................................................................48
Prevalentie.....................................................................................................................................................49
Prognose........................................................................................................................................................49
Diagnostiek....................................................................................................................................................49
Behandeling...................................................................................................................................................50
Agressie en gedragsproblemen.................................................................................................................... 51
Kenmerken van ernstige gedragsproblemen?...................................................................................................51
Storend gedrag..............................................................................................................................................51
Ernstige gedragsproblemen...........................................................................................................................52
Wanneer spreken we van een stoornis (DSM 5)?..............................................................................................52
Differentiaaldiagnose en comorbiditeit.............................................................................................................52
Prevalentie.........................................................................................................................................................53
Culturele en maatschappelijke invloeden..........................................................................................................53
Etiologie (risico- en beschermende factoren).....................................................................................................54
(Neuro)biologische factoren..........................................................................................................................54
Psychologische factoren................................................................................................................................54
Omgevingsfactoren........................................................................................................................................55
Diagnostiek.........................................................................................................................................................55
Preventie en behandeling...................................................................................................................................56
Motivatie........................................................................................................................................................57
Ambulante behandeling................................................................................................................................57
Residentiële behandeling..............................................................................................................................59
Interventies op school...................................................................................................................................61
Sociale relaties tussen kinderen en pesten................................................................................................... 62
Theoretische en empirische achtergrond (begrippen en concepten).................................................................62
Sociaal functioneren......................................................................................................................................62
Sociaal-cognitieve processen.........................................................................................................................63
Groepsprocessen...........................................................................................................................................63
Besluit............................................................................................................................................................64
Prevalentie pesten..............................................................................................................................................64
Diagnostiek.........................................................................................................................................................65
Aanpak...............................................................................................................................................................65
Tips.....................................................................................................................................................................68
Studiemotivatie........................................................................................................................................... 69
Inleiding..............................................................................................................................................................69
3
, Studiemotivatie: doet het ertoe?.......................................................................................................................70
Diagnostiek.........................................................................................................................................................70
Intake.............................................................................................................................................................70
Strategie.........................................................................................................................................................71
Onderzoek......................................................................................................................................................71
Advies.............................................................................................................................................................72
Faalangst..................................................................................................................................................... 74
Begripsomschrijving...........................................................................................................................................74
Signaalherkenning..............................................................................................................................................75
Prevalentie.........................................................................................................................................................75
Oorzaken............................................................................................................................................................76
Verklaring...........................................................................................................................................................76
Diagnostiek.........................................................................................................................................................77
Vragenlijsten..................................................................................................................................................77
Andere diagnostische middelen....................................................................................................................77
Preventie............................................................................................................................................................77
Aanpak op school...........................................................................................................................................77
Behandeling........................................................................................................................................................78
Ontwikkelen van cognitief talent................................................................................................................. 81
Theoretische achtergrond..................................................................................................................................81
Kracht in jezelf...................................................................................................................................................82
Niet-cognitieve leerlingkenmerken...............................................................................................................82
Kracht van je omgeving......................................................................................................................................83
Stemmingsstoornissen, suïcide en suïcidepreventie.....................................................................................85
Inleiding..............................................................................................................................................................85
Criteria depressie DSM 5....................................................................................................................................85
Leeftijdsspecifieke symptomen of kenmerken...................................................................................................86
Baby’s.............................................................................................................................................................86
Peuter- en kleutertijd....................................................................................................................................86
Lagere schoolleeftijd......................................................................................................................................86
Adolescentie..................................................................................................................................................87
Prognose (beloop)..............................................................................................................................................87
Comorbiditeit en differentiaaldiagnose.............................................................................................................87
Prevalentie.........................................................................................................................................................87
Culturele en maatschappelijke invloeden..........................................................................................................88
Etiologie..............................................................................................................................................................88
Diagnostiek.........................................................................................................................................................89
Preventie en behandeling van depressie............................................................................................................90
Aandachtspunten...........................................................................................................................................91
Aspecten........................................................................................................................................................91
Besluit............................................................................................................................................................93
Suïcide bij kinderen jongeren en suïcidepreventie.............................................................................................93
Definities........................................................................................................................................................93
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