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Samenvatting KLP
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Samenvatting van 140 pagina's voor het vak Klinische psychologie aan de tmhs (slides+notities)
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Klinische psychologieInhoudsopgave
Deel 1: Inleiding Algemeen Klinische Psychologie en Psychopathologie..........................................................4
Inleiding in KLP.....................................................................................................................................................4
Definiëring.......................................................................................................................................................4
Normaal versus Abnormaal.............................................................................................................................5
Populatie..........................................................................................................................................................7
Taken................................................................................................................................................................9
Inleiding Psychopathologie..................................................................................................................................9
Inleiding...........................................................................................................................................................9
Classificatie....................................................................................................................................................11
Kenmerken DSM............................................................................................................................................12
Diagnostiek (beoordelingsmethoden)...........................................................................................................15
Classificatie van symptomen.........................................................................................................................16
Deel 2: Klinisch psychologische theorieën en de bijhorende psychotherapeutische stromingen –
psychofarmacotherapie............................................................................................................................... 19
Biologisch perspectief en psychofarmacotherapie............................................................................................19
De hersenen...................................................................................................................................................19
Het zenuwstelsel............................................................................................................................................20
Psychofarmacalogie.......................................................................................................................................21
Andere biologische interventies....................................................................................................................24
Psychoanalytische theorie en psychoanalyse/psychodynamische therapie......................................................24
Theorie...........................................................................................................................................................24
Behandeling...................................................................................................................................................30
Leertheorie en gedragstherapie.........................................................................................................................34
Theorie...........................................................................................................................................................34
Behandeling...................................................................................................................................................38
Ervaringsgerichte theorie en therapie...............................................................................................................42
Theorie...........................................................................................................................................................42
Behandeling...................................................................................................................................................44
Cognitieve theorie en therapie...........................................................................................................................47
Theorie...........................................................................................................................................................47
Behandeling...................................................................................................................................................50
Systeemtheorie en gezins- en relatietherapie....................................................................................................53
Theorie...........................................................................................................................................................53
Behandeling, systeemtherapie......................................................................................................................59
Het biopsychosociale perspectief.......................................................................................................................63
Deel 3: Klinische Psychopathologie vanuit DSM-perspectief en vanuit een transdiagnostische kijk................64
Gedragsproblemen- en stoornissen...................................................................................................................64
Inleiding.........................................................................................................................................................64
Normoverschrijvend-gedragsstoornis (CD)...................................................................................................65
Oppositioneel opstandige gedragsstoornis (ODD)........................................................................................66
Oorzaken gedragsproblemen........................................................................................................................67
Behandeling...................................................................................................................................................67
Prognose........................................................................................................................................................68
1
, Gedragsverslaving..............................................................................................................................................69
Inleiding.........................................................................................................................................................69
Definitie Internetgamingstoornis..................................................................................................................69
Prevalentie.....................................................................................................................................................70
Gamen............................................................................................................................................................70
Diagnostiek 3M-Model Mens Middel Milieu.................................................................................................71
Behandeling Gamingverslaving.....................................................................................................................72
Stemmingsstoornissen.......................................................................................................................................74
Inhoud............................................................................................................................................................74
Depressieve-stemmingsstoornissen..............................................................................................................74
Bipolaire-stemmingsstoornissen...................................................................................................................79
Suïcide............................................................................................................................................................80
Verlies en (gecompliceerde) rouw......................................................................................................................81
Inleiding.........................................................................................................................................................81
Theorie en diagnostiek..................................................................................................................................81
Theorieën over rouw.....................................................................................................................................82
Prototypische trajecten na verlies.................................................................................................................83
Gecompliceerde rouw (GR)...........................................................................................................................83
Differentiaaldiagnostiek (gecompliceerde) rouw en depressie en angst/PTSS............................................85
Risico- en beschermende factoren................................................................................................................87
Rouwbegeleiding en therapie........................................................................................................................88
Effectstudies..................................................................................................................................................92
Psychotrauma....................................................................................................................................................93
Etiologie.........................................................................................................................................................93
Diagnostiek PTSS............................................................................................................................................94
DSM-V criteria PTSS.......................................................................................................................................94
Behandeling...................................................................................................................................................96
Angststoornissen................................................................................................................................................97
Somatoforme stoornissen................................................................................................................................105
Inleiding.......................................................................................................................................................105
Functioneel neurologische symptoomstoornis...........................................................................................105
Somatisch symptoomstoornis.....................................................................................................................106
Nagebootste stoornis..................................................................................................................................107
Ziekteangststornis (hypochondrie)..............................................................................................................108
Genderdysforie............................................................................................................................................110
Chronisch vermoeidheidssyndroom............................................................................................................110
Psychotische stoornissen..................................................................................................................................111
Meest voorkomende symptomen...............................................................................................................111
DSM-5..........................................................................................................................................................112
Etiologie.......................................................................................................................................................113
Prevalentie...................................................................................................................................................113
Behandeling.................................................................................................................................................114
Inleiding transdiagnostisch perspectief...........................................................................................................115
Inleiding.......................................................................................................................................................115
Twee algemene modellen...........................................................................................................................116
TD-factoren nader bekeken.........................................................................................................................119
Executieve functies...........................................................................................................................................120
Definitie.......................................................................................................................................................120
Verschillende executieve functies...............................................................................................................121
Relatie met psychopathologie.....................................................................................................................124
Assessment..................................................................................................................................................125
Etiologie executieve dysfuncties.................................................................................................................125
Behandelstrategieën....................................................................................................................................126
2
, Repetitief negatief denken...............................................................................................................................127
Definiëring...................................................................................................................................................127
Repetitief negatief denken als TD proces....................................................................................................128
Rol van cognitieve controle over negatieve gedachten..............................................................................129
Rumineren en gecompliceerde rouw..........................................................................................................130
Assessment..................................................................................................................................................131
Behandelstrategieën....................................................................................................................................132
Emotieregulatie................................................................................................................................................133
Emoties........................................................................................................................................................133
Emotieregulatie...........................................................................................................................................133
Emotieregulatie als TD factor......................................................................................................................135
Kernfactoren voor een goede emotieregulatie...........................................................................................138
Diagnostiek..................................................................................................................................................139
Behandeling.................................................................................................................................................139
3
, Deel 1: Inleiding Algemeen Klinische Psychologie en
Psychopathologie
Inleiding in KLP
Definiëring
De term ‘klinisch’
- Een subdiscipline
- Andere subdisciplines; arbeids – en organisatie psychologie, school –en pedagogische
psychologie
- Grootste groep: 50%, werkzaam als klinisch psycholoog
- Verkeerde indruk mensen denken dan dat je in een ziekenhuis werkt
Definitie:
- Klinisch psychologen houden zich bezig met afwijkend, slecht aangepast gedrag en
hoe ze die kunnen verhelpen
- Wettenschappelijke discipline
- Kern = psychische problemen en stoornissen
- Wat met problemen op somatisch vlak?
- Gezondheidsproblemen dat psychisch leiden met zich mee brengt = klinische
psychologie
- Gezondheidsproblemen, fysieke problemen = gezondheidspsychologie
Hoge gezondheidsraad:
De autonome ontwikkeling en toepassing van theorieën, methoden en technieken van de
psychologie als wetenschap in de bevordering van de gezondheid, de screening,
psychologische diagnose en assessment van gezondheidsproblemen en de preventie van en
interventie bij deze problemen bij mensen.
Handboek:
De tak van de psychologie die zich bezighoudt met de beschrijving, de oorzaken en de
behandeling van psychische stoornissen om het geestelijk welzijn te bevorderen.
toch gaan we het niet enkel hebben over psychische stoornissen brede kijk: continuüm
Complexe problematiek multidisciplinaire aanpak, in team
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