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Samenvatting hoofdstuk 1: UV-vis spectrometrie
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Hoofdstuk 1: UV-Vis spectrometrie........................................................................................................2
1.Inleiding...........................................................................................................................................2
2.Lambert-Beer...................................................................................................................................2
2.1 Transmissie...............................................................................................................................2
2.2 Verband A en %T.......................................................................................................................2
2.3 Verband C en %T (exponentieel dalende curve).......................................................................2
3. Afwijkingen op de wet van Lambert-Beer.......................................................................................3
4. Onderdelen van de apparatuur voor absorbantiemetingen...........................................................4
........................................................................................................................................................4
4.1 De stralingsbron........................................................................................................................4
4.2 De golflengteselector................................................................................................................4
4.3 Cuvetten...................................................................................................................................6
4.4 Stralingsdetectie.......................................................................................................................6
4.5 Data output...............................................................................................................................7
5. Instrument ontwerp........................................................................................................................8
5.1 Visuele of Vergelijkende colimetrie...........................................................................................8
5.2 De foto-elektrische colorimeter................................................................................................8
5.3 De spectrofotometer................................................................................................................8
5.4 De fototrode.............................................................................................................................9
6. Recente ontwikkeling in de spectrofotometrie...............................................................................9
6.1 Instrumentatie (microprocessor)..............................................................................................9
6.2 Datamanipulatie.......................................................................................................................9
7. Toepassingen van UV-VIS absorptiemeingen................................................................................10
7.1 Kwalitatieve analyse................................................................................................................10
7.2 Kwantitatieve analyse (voordelen)..........................................................................................10
7.3 Problemen bij fotometrische bepalingen (lezen)....................................................................11
8. Reflectiefotometrie (niet te kennen).............................................................................................11
9. Nefelometrie en turbidimetrie......................................................................................................11
1
, Hoofdstuk 1: UV-Vis spectrometrie
1.Inleiding
Oplossing van deeltjes: ionen of moleculen
Bestraling met elektromagnetische straling uit UV-vis spectrum
Absorptie
Excitatie VE
Terugval
o Warmte niet detecteerbaar
o M* A: nieuw deeltje A= Fotochemische reactie
o M* M + hv = elektromagnetische straling vrij = fluorescentie
Metingen continu uitgevoerd, want M* valt steeds terug naar grondtoestand
2.Lambert-Beer absorptie
Monochromatisch licht I0 I
met
A= absorbantie
= maatgetal voor absorptie Absorptiecoëfficiënt of Mol/l
molaire extinctiecoëfficiënt.
Als C gemeten in g/l absorptieactiviteit aλ
Afhankelijk van:
- Verbinding
- Oplosmiddel
- golflengte
A meten in functie van de golflengte = absorbantiespectrum
I = I0 I=0
A 0 oneindig
%T 100 0
2.1 Transmissie
I I
T= en %T = ×100
I0 I0
2.2 Verband A en %T
2.3 Verband C en %T (exponentieel dalende curve)
2
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