electronic structure & bonding and structure summary
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Course
AS Unit F321 - Atoms, Bonds and Groups
Institution
OCR
detailed notes on content in module 2 including:
electronic astructure and configuration, bonding and structure, types of intermolecular forces and shapes of covalent molecules
diagrams to aid learning
Answer: region around the nucleus that can hold up to 2 electrons, with opposite spins
2.
electro notation order
Answer: 1. energy level
2. sub shell
3. orbital
3.
shapes of orbital
Answer: spherical and dumbbell-shaped
4.
which type of orbital is spherical ?
Answer: s orbital
5.
types of subshells
Answer: s, p, d, f
ionic and covalent + coordinate bonds
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Flashcards35 Flashcards
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Some examples from this set of practice questions
1.
ionic bond is between which types of atoms?
Answer: metal and non metal
2.
exception of an ionic bond
Answer: NH4Cl
3.
ionic bond occurs in which groups of the periodic table?
Answer: 1,2 , d block except Al
4.
definition of an ionic bond
Answer: strong electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions
5.
3 propertes of ionic bonds
Answer: static, fixed electrons and static charge
shapes of covalent bonds and electronegativity
Flashcards55 Flashcards
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Flashcards55 Flashcards
$3.880 sales
Some examples from this set of practice questions
1.
why do covalent molecules have different shapes ?
Answer: have different number of bond and lone pairs of electrons
2.
what is a lone pair of electrons ?
Answer: not involved in covalent bonding
3.
what is a bond pair of electrons ?
Answer: involved in covalent bonding
4.
which type of electron pairs repel more strongly ?
Answer: lone pairs
5.
why do lone pairs repel more strongly than bond pairs ?
Answer: they are closer to the central atom, occupying more space than a bonded pair
bonding and structure, intermolecular forces
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Flashcards71 Flashcards
$4.530 sales
Some examples from this set of practice questions
1.
3 types of intermolecular forces
Answer: london forces, permanent dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonds
2.
what is meant by intermolecular forces ?
Answer: forces acting between molecules
3.
are ionic, covalent bonds types of intermolecular forces?
Answer: No because they act within molecules
4.
london forces can also be called ...
Answer: induced dipole-dipole interactions
5.
london forces occur when ..
Answer: random electron movement causes a temporary dipole, which induces a further temporary dipole in neighbouring molecules.
Content preview
ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE
Electrons have fixed energies and move around the nucleus in shells / energy levels
(principal quantum number)
Shells further from the nucleus have a higher energy and a larger principal quantum
number than shells closer to the nucleus
Shells are divided into sub shells
Different electron shells have different numbers of sub shells with a different energy
Sub shells have different number of orbitals that can hold up to 2 electrons
Sub shells : s-, p-, d-, f- .
S: 1 orbital =2 e-
P: 3 =6e-
D: 5 = 10e-
F: 7 =14e-
An orbital is an area around the nucleus in which an electron moves in
Orbitals within the same sub-shell have the same energy
2 electrons in a orbital spin in opposite directions = spin pairing
S orbital is spherical
P orbital is dumbbell shaped ( 3p orbitals at right angles to one another)
Shells and total number of electrons
1st: 2
2nd: 8
3rd: 18
4th: 32 (sum of all other electrons in other orbitals)
, ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION (number of electrons and how they’re arranged)
1 box= orbital
1 arrow = electron
Up & down arrows = electrons spinning in opposite directions
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