WGU D118: OA Study Guide (Complete) Questions With 100% Correct Answers.

WGU D118: OA Study Guide (Complete) Questions With 100% Correct Answers. An advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) is gathering data for an ongoing research project. In the project, the APRN is interviewing individual patients as well as conducting focused group sessions with multiple patients. Which type of research design is being used by the APRN? a. Quasi-experimental b. Qualitative c. Experimental d. Descriptive ANS: B Qualitative research relies on data obtained by the researcher from first-hand observation, interviews, questionnaires (on which participants write descriptively), focus groups, participant observation, recordings made in natural settings, documents, case studies, and artifacts. An advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) is gathering data for an ongoing research project. In the project, a group of individuals with Type 2 diabetes are divided into two randomized groups. Which type of research design is being used by the APRN? a. Quasi-experimental b. Qualitative c. Experimental d. Descriptive ANS: C In an experimental research study, the participants in both the treatment and control groups are randomly assigned. An advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) is gathering data for an ongoing research project. In the project, a group of individuals with Type 2 diabetes are divided into two non-randomized groups. Which type of research design is being used by the APRN? a. Quasi-experimental b. Qualitative c. Experimental d. Descriptive ANS: A A quasi-experimental design does not randomly assign participants to treatment or control groups for comparison. An advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) is gathering data for an ongoing research project. In the project, the APRN is focusing on identifying the characteristics that makeup a population of patients with Type 2 diabetes. Which type of research design is being used by the APRN? a. Quasi-experimental b. Qualitative c. Experimental d. Descriptive ANS: D Descriptive Research is used to describe characteristics of a population or phenomenon being studied. It does not answer questions about how/when/why the characteristics occurred. Rather it addresses the "what" question (what are the characteristics of the population or situation being studied?). What is the purpose of Level I research? a. To define characteristics of interest of groups of patients b. To demonstrate the effectiveness of an intervention or treatment c. To describe relationships among characteristics or variables d. To evaluate the nature of relationships between two variables ANS: A Level I research is conducted to define the characteristics of groups of patients. What is the purpose of Level II research? a. To define characteristics of interest of groups of patients b. To demonstrate the effectiveness of an intervention or treatment c. To describe relationships among characteristics or variables d. To evaluate the nature of relationships between two variables ANS: C Level II research is concerned with describing the relationships among characteristics or variables. What is the purpose of Level III research? a. To define characteristics of interest of groups of patients b. To demonstrate the effectiveness of an intervention or treatment c. To describe relationships among characteristics or variables d. To evaluate the nature of relationships between two variables ANS: D Level III research evaluates the nature of the relationships between two variables. What is the purpose of Level IV research? a. To define characteristics of interest of groups of patients b. To demonstrate the effectiveness of an intervention or treatment c. To describe relationships among characteristics or variables d. To evaluate the nature of relationships between two variables ANS: B Level IV research is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of interventions or treatments. Which is the most appropriate research design for a Level I research study? a. Epidemiological studies b. Experimental design c. Qualitative studies d. Randomized clinical trials ANS: C Qualitative designs are useful for Level I Which is the most appropriate research design for a Level II research study? a. Epidemiological studies b. Experimental design c. Qualitative studies d. Randomized clinical trials ANS: A Epidemiological studies are appropriate for level II studies. Which is the most appropriate research design for a Level III research study? a. Epidemiological studies b. Experimental design c. Qualitative studies d. Randomized clinical trials ANS: B The experimental design is the most appropriate design for a Level III study. Epidemiological studies are appropriate for level II studies. Qualitative designs are useful for Level I studies. Randomized clinical trials are used for Level IV studies. Which is the most appropriate research design for a Level IV research study? a. Epidemiological studies b. Experimental design c. Qualitative studies d. Randomized clinical trials ANS: D Randomized clinical trials are used for Level IV studies. What is the purpose of clinical research trials in the spectrum of translational research? a. Adoption of interventions and clinical practices into routine clinical care b. Determination of the basis of disease and various treatment options c. Examination of safety and effectiveness of various interventions d. Exploration of fundamental mechanisms of biology, disease, or behavior ANS: C Clinical research trials are concerned with determining the safety and effectiveness of interventions. Adoption of interventions and practices is part of clinical implementation. Determination of the basis of disease and treatment options is part of the preclinical research phase. Exploration of the fundamental mechanisms of biology, disease, or behavior is part of the basic research stage. What is a goal of the Healthy People initiative? a. To increase a patient's quality of life b. To create physical environments that promote proper health c. To achieve health equality by eliminating disparities d. To provide free health care to those unable to pay for care e. To promote healthy behaviors across all life stages ANS: C Overarching goals of the Healthy People initiative are to increase quality and length of life, free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death; to achieve health equality by eliminating disparities; to create social and physical environments that promote proper health; and to promote increased quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages, all goals consistent with the definition of wellness. Free health care is not a stated goal of the initiative. The Healthy People 2020 contains new topics and objectives that correlate with emerging technologies and data that were not present in the Healthy People 2010 initiative. Which objective was newly added to the 2020 document? a. Nutrition and weight b. Mental health c. Global health d. Substance abuse ANS: C Global Health A 35-year-old patient is being seen in the primary care clinic for a routine assessment. The patient had her last pap smear in conjunction with an HPV screening three years before and has no abnormal gynecological signs or symptoms. The advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) performs a physical assessment with a clinical breast exam and then provides information about recommended health screenings. Which USPTF recommendations should the APRN share with this patient? a. "We should do a chlamydia screening today." b. "We need to do a pap smear in two years." c. "We need to schedule a mammogram this month." d. "We should do a HPV screening next year." ANS: B "We need to do a pap smear in 2 years" HPV and Pap smear done together every 5 years A woman who has had routine Pap tests all her adult life has an abnormal Pap. What will the provider tell her about this result? a. Colposcopy with biopsy is necessary b. She may have vaginal cancer c. She most likely has early cervical cancer d. The result most likely indicates HPV infection ANS: A The Pap test is a screen and should be followed by colposcopy with biopsy. Women who have had Pap tests routinely are less likely to have cervical cancer. What is the benefit of using a liquid-based medium when performing a Pap test? a. It allows genital human papillomavirus (HPV), gonorrhea, and chlamydia testing with the same specimen. b. It is a more accurate test than the slide method of Pap testing. c. It is not necessary to use endocervical cells to obtain results. d. It is predictive of the later development of cervical cancer. ANS: A The liquid-based medium method allows testing of HPV, gonorrhea, and chlamydia using the same specimen. It is not necessarily more accurate. MIt requires use of endocervical cells. It does not predict the development of cancer. A young female has a Pap test which reveals atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance. What will the next step be in managing this patient? a. Colposcopy with biopsy b. Endometrial sampling c. Reflex HPV DNA test d. Repeat cytology in 12 months ANS: D Young women with ASC-US may have repeat cytology testing in 12 months. Colposcopy with biopsy is performed if low-grade intraepithelial lesions or high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions are present. Reflex HPV DNA testing is not indicated. Endometrial sampling is performed with low- or high-grade lesions in women who are older than 35 years. A pregnant woman reports not having had any vaccinations as a child but requests vaccines during her pregnancy. Which vaccines may be given? (Select all that apply.) a. Human papillomavirus (HPV) b. Inactivated influenza c. Live, attenuated influenza d. Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) e. Tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) f. Varicella ANS: A, B, E Tdap is recommended to pregnant woman, optimally between 27- and 36-weeks gestation. Inactivated is strongly recommended and may be given at any point in the pregnancy. Hepatitis B is given to women at risk if needed. Live, attenuated influenza vaccine, MMR, and varicella vaccines are not recommended during pregnancy. An advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) is conducting the routine annual exam of a 66-year-old patient and decides that a vaccine should be recommended in addition to the typical annual influenza vaccine. Which vaccine is being recommended by the APRN? a. Tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis b. Pneumococcal c. Measles, mumps, and rubella d. Hepatitis B ANS: B For older clients a one-time pneumovax is given after age 65. A child has a primary immunodeficiency and the parent asks the provider about vaccines. What will the provider tell this patient? a. Avoid all vaccines since immunizations can cause disease in this child b. Immunized with all recommended childhood vaccines to prevent serious disease c. Some vaccines are contraindicated in those with T-cell involvement only d. The child may need more vaccine boosters than other children ANS: C Children with T-cell disorders should not receive live-virus vaccines, but children with humoral deficiency may be given the vaccine. Vaccines are important to help prevent disease and children with immunodeficiency should receive any vaccines that are safe for them. Not all vaccines are recommended, since live-virus vaccines can cause disease in certain children A patient asks the advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) if there are any contraindications to receiving the influenza vaccine other than an egg allergy. Which other precaution must be taken when administering this vaccine? a. A history of thrombocytopenia within six weeks of previous flu vaccine b. A history of Guillain-Barré syndrome within six weeks of previous flu vaccine c. A history of exposure to influenza A within the past six weeks d. A history of illness with or without fever after previous flu vaccine