De ideale samenvatting! Vanaf H3 tot het einde. Ik heb ook een digitaal geschreven samenvatting van H1 en 2, als je na aankoop mij een berichtje stuurt op instagram: @fleur_bosmans, krijg je deze ook!
6. HOGERE ORDE VERWERKING VAN GUSTATIEVE STIMULI ...................................................................................................................................................................22
Hoofdstuk 8: Olfactorisch systeem ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................23
1. ANATOMIE EN PERCEPTIE ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................23
2. FYSIOLOGIE: 1e ORDE OLFACTIEVE RECEPTORNEURONEN (ORN)....................................................................................................................................................23
3. FYSIOLOGIE: BULBUS OLFACTORIUS ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 24
4. CORTICALE PROJECTIES VAN M/T CELLEN.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 24
5. VOMERONASAAL ORGAAN............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 24
Hoofstuk 9: Somatosensorisch systeem ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 25
1. INDELING SOMATOSENSORIËLE SYSTEEM ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 25
2. TACTIELE GEVOELIGHEID ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 25
Studie van 1e orde neuronen van gladde huid .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 25
Spatiale resolutie: 2-puntsdiscriminatie ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................26
Ruggengraat: 30 segmenten (wervels) .............................................................................................................................................................................................................26
Sensorische organisatie van het ruggenmerg ...............................................................................................................................................................................................26
Lemniscaal systeem (tactiel/vibratie van de huid) .......................................................................................................................................................................................27
Trigeminaal pad: somatosensorische info van het gezicht.........................................................................................................................................................................27
Somatosensorische cortex ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................27
Posterior pariëtale cortex ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 28
3. PIJN EN NOCICEPTIE ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 28
Nociceptoren ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................29
Spinale mechanisme ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................29
Spino-thalamisch pad ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 30
Pijnregulatie ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 30
4. Temperatuursgevoeligheid ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 31
5. PROPRIOCEPTIE ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................32
Hoofdstuk 10: Spinale controle van de beweging ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 33
1. DE MOTORISCHE EENHEID ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 33
Geleidelijke spiercontractie door α-motorneuronen .................................................................................................................................................................................. 33
Input naar α-MN: ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 33
2. PROPRIOCEPTIE (via spierspoelen) ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 34
3. SPINALE INTERNEURONEN ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 35
Hoofdstuk 11: Hogere controle van beweging ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................36
1. AFDALENDE SPINALE BANEN .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................36
Laterale banen ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................36
Ventromediale banen ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................36
2. PLANNEN EN UITVOEREN VAN BEWEGING ..............................................................................................................................................................................................37
Posterieure pariëtale en prefrontale cortex....................................................................................................................................................................................................37
Bewegingsplanning door (pre-)motorische cortex ......................................................................................................................................................................................37
Activatie van motorcortex dmv transcraniale magnetische stimulatie ................................................................................................................................................37
Planningsgerelateerde activiteit in BA6............................................................................................................................................................................................................37
3. BASALE GANGLIA ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................37
4. BASALE GANGLIASTOORNIS: ZIEKTE VAN PARKINSON...................................................................................................................................................................... 38
5. BEWEGINGSINITIATIE DOOR PRIMAIRE MOTORISCHE CORTEX ....................................................................................................................................................... 38
Celafleidingen in primaire motor cortex: aansturen robotarm bij tetraplegie ....................................................................................................................................39
6. CEREBELLUM .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................39
Hoofdstuk 12: Sociale cognitie ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 41
1. INLEIDING .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 41
2. SPIEGELSYSTEEM .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 41
,3
3. MENTALISEERSYSTEEM.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 42
4. AMYGDALA ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 43
5. AFFECTIEVE/SOCIALE AANRAKING ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 43
Hoofdstuk 13: Taal .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 44
1. TAALGEBIEDEN IN HERSENEN ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 44
2. MODEL VAN TAALVERWERKING GEBASEERD OP LETSELSTUDIES ............................................................................................................................................... 44
3. SPLIT-BRAIN PATIENTEN EN TAAL ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 45
Hoofdstuk 14: Geheugen ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 46
1. Indeling geheugen.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 46
2. AMNESIE ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 46
3. HERSENSTRUCTUREN BETROKKEN BIJ GEHEUGEN ........................................................................................................................................................................... 46
, 4
Hoofdstuk 3: Neuroanatomie
- Hersenen zoogdieren: zelfde opbouw maar glad oppervlak bij kleine dieren, windingen (gyri) en
groeven (sulci) bij grotere zoogdieren
o Oppervlaktevergroting
- 3 onderdelen: cerebrum + cerebellum + hersenstam (middenhersenen, pons en medulla)
- Anatomische referenties
o Ventraal – dorsaal
o Anterior/rostraal – Posterior/caudaal
o Mediaal – lateraal
o Unilateraal – bilateraal
o Ipsilateraal – contralateraal
- Neurologische vs radiologische conventie oriëntatie MRI-beelden
o Neurologisch: linkerhemisfeer is links
o Radiologisch: linkerhemisfeer is rechts
o Radioloog staat aan de voeten, neuro(chirurg) staat achter het hoofd
- Centraal zenuwstelsel: hersenen en ruggenmerg
o Hemisferen grote hersenen: ontvangen sensaties en controleren bewegingen van
contralaterale kant van het lichaam
o Hemisferen kleine hersenen: belangrijke rol in controleren bewegingen van ipsilaterale kant
o Hersenstam: meest primitieve en vitale deel: belangrijke rol in doorsturen van info van grote
hersenen naar kleine hersenen en ruggenmerg en vice-versa, regulatie van vitale systemen
(ah, temperatuur, bewustzijn)
- Perifeer zenuwstelsel: afferente en efferente axonen, bevat het somatisch zs en het
visceraal/autonoom zs
- Hersenlobben
o 5e lob: Insula (ligt onder de lateral fissure, tussen
de temporale lob en frontale lob
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