Summary
Samenvatting organische chemie: reactiviteit (1e BACH CH, Hogent)
- Course
- Institution
Gehele samenvatting van de cursus en slides, beat ook tekeningen
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
123chemie
Content preview
Organische reactiviteit, Nucleofiel – elektrofiel – radicaal...............................................................................................................5
Nucleofiel...............................................................................................................................................................5
Elektrofiel...............................................................................................................................................................5
Radicaal...................................................................................................................................................................6
Additie – eliminatie – substitutie...............................................................................................................6
Additie......................................................................................................................................................................6
Eliminatie...............................................................................................................................................................6
Substitutie.............................................................................................................................................................6
Regioselectiviteit – stereoselectiviteit....................................................................................................6
Regioselectiviteit..............................................................................................................................................6
Stereoselectiviteit............................................................................................................................................6
Elektrofiele additie...................................................................................................................................................7
Algemeen...................................................................................................................................................................7
Reactiemechanisme...........................................................................................................................................7
Stap 1.........................................................................................................................................................................7
Stap 2........................................................................................................................................................................7
Reactiemechanisme waterstofhalogeniden....................................................................................8
Bespreking............................................................................................................................................................8
Regioselectieve reactie.....................................................................................................................................8
Regel van Markovnikov...............................................................................................................................8
Verklaring..............................................................................................................................................................8
Niet-stereoselectieve reactie........................................................................................................................8
Stereoselectiviteit en enantiomeren.................................................................................................8
Stereoselectiviteit en diastereomeren.............................................................................................8
Elektrofiele additie van water in zuur midden...............................................................................8
Mechanisme........................................................................................................................................................8
Selectiviteit...........................................................................................................................................................9
Besluit.......................................................................................................................................................................9
Elektrofiele additie van dihalogenen.....................................................................................................9
Belang van polair solvent...........................................................................................................................9
Mechanisme........................................................................................................................................................9
Verloopt stereoselectief.............................................................................................................................10
Nucleofiele additie...................................................................................................................................................11
Algemeen...................................................................................................................................................................11
Anion nucleofielen..............................................................................................................................................11
Mechanisme........................................................................................................................................................11
, Alkyl anion,R-, als nucleofiel.....................................................................................................................11
H- als nucleofiel.................................................................................................................................................11
Niet-stereoselectieve reactie..................................................................................................................12
Neutrale nucleofielen......................................................................................................................................12
Mechanisme.......................................................................................................................................................12
Synthese van acetaal en ketaal............................................................................................................12
Synthese van imine......................................................................................................................................14
Nucleofiele substitutie.........................................................................................................................................15
Reactietype SN2.....................................................................................................................................................15
Mechanisme.......................................................................................................................................................15
Stereoselectiviteit...........................................................................................................................................15
Reactietype SN1......................................................................................................................................................15
Mechanisme.......................................................................................................................................................15
Stereoselectiviteit...........................................................................................................................................16
Snelheidsbepalende factoren....................................................................................................................16
Invloed van substraat..................................................................................................................................16
Invloed van de leaving groep................................................................................................................17
Invloed van het nucleofiel........................................................................................................................17
Invloed van het solvent..............................................................................................................................17
Bepalen van het reactiemechanisme..................................................................................................18
Eliminatie.......................................................................................................................................................................19
Algemeen.................................................................................................................................................................19
Reactietype E2......................................................................................................................................................19
Mechanisme......................................................................................................................................................19
Regioselectiviteit............................................................................................................................................19
Stereoselectiviteit...........................................................................................................................................19
Reactietype E1......................................................................................................................................................20
Mechanisme.....................................................................................................................................................20
Regioselectiviteit...........................................................................................................................................20
Bepalen van reactiemechanisme..........................................................................................................20
Competitie substitutie – eliminatie........................................................................................................21
Overzicht...............................................................................................................................................................21
Nucleofiele acylsubstitutie...............................................................................................................................22
Algemeen.................................................................................................................................................................22
Nucleodiele acylsubstitutie met anion nucleofielen...............................................................22
Algemeen reactiemechanisme...........................................................................................................22
, Evenwichtsligging........................................................................................................................................23
Nucleofiele acylsubstitutie aan carbonzuren en geladen nucleofielen....................23
Nucleofiele acetylsubstitutie met neutrale nucleofielen.....................................................23
Anhydriden en zuurhalogeniden.......................................................................................................23
Esters, carbonzuren en amiden..........................................................................................................23
Belangrijke toepassingen............................................................................................................................23
Verestering.........................................................................................................................................................23
Omestering.......................................................................................................................................................24
Hydrolyse van een ester............................................................................................................................25
Verzeping van een ester...........................................................................................................................25
Radicaal reacties......................................................................................................................................................27
Algemeen................................................................................................................................................................27
Algemeen reactiemechanisme...............................................................................................................27
Radicalaire substitutie....................................................................................................................................27
Mechanisme......................................................................................................................................................27
Regioselectiviteit...........................................................................................................................................28
Stereoselectiviteit..........................................................................................................................................28
Radicalaire additie.............................................................................................................................................28
Mechanisme.....................................................................................................................................................28
regioselectiviteit.............................................................................................................................................29
Stereoselectiviteit..........................................................................................................................................29
Radicalaire additie vs. elektrofiele additie..................................................................................29
Reductie en oxidatie reacties in organische chemie....................................................................30
Oxidatie- en reductiereacties in organische chemie...............................................................30
Oxidatie................................................................................................................................................................30
Reductie...............................................................................................................................................................30
Zuren en basen in organische chemie....................................................................................................32
Organische zuren en zuursterkte...........................................................................................................32
Zuur gedrag en ladingsdensiteit.......................................................................................................32
Zuur gedrag en elektronegativiteit..................................................................................................32
Zuur gedrag en mesomerie...................................................................................................................32
Zuur gedrag en nabij inductief effect.............................................................................................33
Zuur – base reacties in organische chemie....................................................................................34
Algemeen...........................................................................................................................................................34
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller 123chemie. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $9.72. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
57413 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now