Summary
Samenvatting biochemie (1e BACH CH, Ugent)
- Course
- Institution
Gehele samenvatting van de cursus en slides, bevat ook tekeningen
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
123chemie
Content preview
BiochemieInhoudsopgave
HOOFDSTUK 1: Inleiding: ...................................................................................................................... 11
Wat is Biochemie?: ........................................................................................................................... 11
Vleugje historiek: .......................................................................................................................... 11
biochemie is niet langer een alleenstaande discipline: ................................................................ 11
Reductionisme in klassieke Biochemie vs. systeembiologie: ........................................................ 11
Biomoleculen: chemische stoffen in levende materie: .................................................................... 12
Biomoleculen: opbouw: ................................................................................................................ 12
Kenmerkend aan levende cellen is het voorkomen van enkele essentiële bioMACROmoleculen
(bipolymeren): .............................................................................................................................. 12
Vier soorten bouwstenen van biomacromoleculen: .................................................................... 12
Biologische polymeren: ................................................................................................................. 14
Energie en metabolisme: .................................................................................................................. 14
Energie en metabolisme: .............................................................................................................. 14
Thermodynamica: ......................................................................................................................... 15
Vrije energie: ................................................................................................................................. 15
Entropie en Biochemie: ................................................................................................................. 15
Spontane reacties: ........................................................................................................................ 16
Thermodynamica van het leven: .................................................................................................. 16
Oorsprong van het leven: ................................................................................................................. 16
Van de primitieve aarde (prebiotische tijdperk) naar een aarde vol leven: ................................. 16
De prebiotische wereld: ................................................................................................................ 17
Chemische evolutie: hoe komen we tot meer biopolymeren?: ................................................... 17
Chemische evolutie: ...................................................................................................................... 17
Eerste levensvormen: ................................................................................................................... 18
De prokaryote cel:......................................................................................................................... 18
De eukaryote cel: .......................................................................................................................... 18
HOOFDSTUK 2: Chemie in een waterige omgeving: ............................................................................. 19
Water: ............................................................................................................................................... 19
Water komt tussen…: .................................................................................................................... 19
Eigenschappen van water: ................................................................................................................ 19
Fysiochemische eigenschappen van water: .................................................................................. 19
De bindingen in biomoleculen: ......................................................................................................... 20
Chemische verbindingen: bindingsenergie: .................................................................................. 20
1
, Water als oplosmiddel: ..................................................................................................................... 22
Solvatatie: ..................................................................................................................................... 22
Het hydrofoob effect: ....................................................................................................................... 22
Hydrofoob effect: .......................................................................................................................... 22
Vorming van membranen: ............................................................................................................ 22
Membranen vormen barrières: .................................................................................................... 22
Zuur-base chemie: ............................................................................................................................ 23
Twee belangrijkste soorten reacties in levende materie zijn: ...................................................... 23
Ionisatie van water:....................................................................................................................... 23
Het begrip pH: ............................................................................................................................... 23
Zuren en basen: ............................................................................................................................ 23
De pK-waarde:............................................................................................................................... 23
De pH van een oplossing kan berekend worden uit de pK: .......................................................... 23
Buffers: .......................................................................................................................................... 24
Zuur-base balans van het lichaam: ............................................................................................... 24
CO2 als buffer: ............................................................................................................................... 24
Hyperventilatie: ............................................................................................................................ 24
HOOFDSTUK 3: Aminozuren: ................................................................................................................ 25
Inleiding: ........................................................................................................................................... 25
Historisch overzicht:...................................................................................................................... 25
De chemische structuur van aminozuren: ........................................................................................ 25
Algemene eigenschappen van aminozuren: ..................................................................................... 25
De 20 aminozuren ingebouwd in eiwitten:....................................................................................... 26
Indeling van de aminozuren: ........................................................................................................ 26
Nomenclatuur: .............................................................................................................................. 27
Zuur-base eigenschappen: ................................................................................................................ 27
Ph titratie van glycine: .................................................................................................................. 28
stereochemie van aminozuren: ........................................................................................................ 28
stereochemie: ............................................................................................................................... 28
Stereochemie in de apotheek: ...................................................................................................... 29
Niet-standaard aminozuren: ............................................................................................................. 29
Post-translationele modificaties: .................................................................................................. 29
Speciale aminozuren: .................................................................................................................... 29
De peptiden: ..................................................................................................................................... 29
De peptidebinding: ....................................................................................................................... 29
Aminozuren en voeding: ................................................................................................................... 29
2
,HOOFDSTUK 4: Suikers en glycoproteïnen: .......................................................................................... 30
Inleiding: ........................................................................................................................................... 30
Suikers: .......................................................................................................................................... 30
Monosachariden: classificatie:.......................................................................................................... 30
Classificatie en stereochemie van monosachariden: .................................................................... 30
Ketose suikers: .............................................................................................................................. 31
Monosachariden: configuratie en conformatie: ............................................................................... 32
Configuratie: pentosen en hexosen vormen een cyclische structuur: ......................................... 32
Reacties van alcoholen met aldehuden en ketonen:.................................................................... 32
Suikers vormen cyclische structuren: ........................................................................................... 33
Conformationele vormen:............................................................................................................. 33
Monosachariden: chemie: ................................................................................................................ 33
Aldehyden en ketonen zijn vrij reactief: ....................................................................................... 33
Vitamine C is een geoxideerd suiker: ............................................................................................ 33
Reductie van aldosen en ketosen levert alditolen: ....................................................................... 34
Andere belangrijke suikerderivaten:............................................................................................. 34
Polysachariden: ................................................................................................................................. 34
Suikers vormen polymeren: .......................................................................................................... 34
Polysachariden of glycanen: ......................................................................................................... 34
Disacchariden: ............................................................................................................................... 34
Lactose: ......................................................................................................................................... 35
Structurele polysachariden: cellulose: .......................................................................................... 35
Structurele polysachariden: chitine: ............................................................................................. 35
Opslagpolysachariden: zetmeel: ................................................................................................... 35
Opslagpolysachariden: glycogeen:................................................................................................ 36
Structurele polysachariden: glycosaminoglycanen: ..................................................................... 36
Glycoproteïnen en andere glycoconjugaten:.................................................................................... 36
Peptidoglycaan:............................................................................................................................. 36
Proteoglycaan: .............................................................................................................................. 37
Glycoproteïnen: ............................................................................................................................ 37
Glycolipiden: ................................................................................................................................. 37
HOOFDSTUK 5: Nucleotiden en nucleïnezuren: ................................................................................... 39
Inleiding: ........................................................................................................................................... 39
Nucleotiden:...................................................................................................................................... 39
Structuur en functie: ..................................................................................................................... 39
Rol van nucleotiden: ..................................................................................................................... 40
3
, Evolutie: ........................................................................................................................................ 40
Andere nucleotidederivaten: ........................................................................................................ 40
Structuren van nucleïnezuren:.......................................................................................................... 41
Structuur: ...................................................................................................................................... 41
Basensamenstelling van DNA: ...................................................................................................... 41
Model Pauling Linus: ..................................................................................................................... 41
Dubbele helix: ............................................................................................................................... 42
DNA helix:...................................................................................................................................... 42
Structurele bepaling DNA via enkelkristal X-stralendiffractie: ..................................................... 43
Bepaling van het %GC: .................................................................................................................. 43
Het genoom: ................................................................................................................................. 43
Genoom sequencing: .................................................................................................................... 44
Enkelstrengige nucleïnezuren: ...................................................................................................... 44
De functie van nucleïnezuren: .......................................................................................................... 45
Functie: ......................................................................................................................................... 45
DNA is de informatiedrager: ......................................................................................................... 45
DNA repair: ................................................................................................................................... 46
Het centrale dogma van de moleculaire biologie (gesimplifeerd): .............................................. 47
De standaard “genetische code”: ................................................................................................. 47
De genetische code is “gedegenereerd” en “niet-random”: ........................................................ 47
Intermezzo: Nobelprijs Chemie 2009: .............................................................................................. 48
De RNA wereld: ............................................................................................................................. 48
HOOFDSTUK 6: Lipiden en membranen: .............................................................................................. 49
Inleiding: ........................................................................................................................................... 49
Vetzuren:........................................................................................................................................... 49
Verzadigde vetzuren vs. onverzadigde vetzuren: ......................................................................... 49
Triacylglycerolen: .............................................................................................................................. 50
Triglyceriden: ................................................................................................................................ 50
Rol van triglyceriden: .................................................................................................................... 50
De vloeibaarheid van vetten en oliën hangt af van de aard van de vetzuurketens: .................... 50
Zepen en detergenten: ................................................................................................................. 50
Fosfolipiden:...................................................................................................................................... 51
Werking van fosfolipasen:............................................................................................................. 51
Fosfolipasen: ................................................................................................................................. 51
Sfingolipiden: .................................................................................................................................... 51
Ziekte van Tay-Sachs: .................................................................................................................... 51
4
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller 123chemie. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $9.66. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
53340 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now