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Samenvatting receptief toerisme van alles
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Receptief toerisme en recreatieMARC RUBBEN
| Thomas More | 2022-2023
,Inhoudsopgave
HOOFDSTUK 1: HET FENOMEEN ‘TOERISME’ .............................................................................................5
1.1 BEGRIPSOMSCHRIJVING TOERISME........................................................................................................................ 5
1.2 BEGRIPSOMSCHRIJVING VRIJE TIJD ........................................................................................................................ 5
1.2.1 Vrije tijd...................................................................................................................................................... 5
1.2.2 Recreatie..................................................................................................................................................... 6
1.2.3 Conceptueel verband tussen recreatie en toerisme .................................................................................. 6
1.2.4 Naar een operationele definitie van toerisme en recreatie....................................................................... 7
1.2.5 Enkele overige definities van recreatievormen ......................................................................................... 9
1.3 BEGRIPPEN GERELATEERD AAN TOERISME EN RECREATIE .....................................................................................10
1.4 ALGEMEEN MODEL VAN TOERISME ...................................................................................................................... 12
1.5 ECONOMISCHE IMPACT VAN TOERISME ............................................................................................................... 13
1.5.1 Inleiding .................................................................................................................................................... 13
1.5.2 Economische impact.................................................................................................................................14
1.5.3 Betalingsbalans .........................................................................................................................................14
1.5.4 Indicatoren ................................................................................................................................................ 15
1.6 VAN MASSATOERISME NAAR KWALITEITSTOERISME ............................................................................................. 15
1.6.1 Problematiek van het massatoerisme ...................................................................................................... 15
1.6.2 Oplossingen voor het massatoerisme ......................................................................................................16
1.6.3 Kwaliteitstoerisme ....................................................................................................................................16
1.7 DE TOEKOMST .................................................................................................................................................... 17
1.7.1 Demografie ............................................................................................................................................... 17
1.7.2 Economie...................................................................................................................................................19
1.7.3 Socio Culturele ontwikkelingen .............................................................................................................. 20
1.7.4 Geopolitiek ............................................................................................................................................... 22
1.7.5 Ecologie .................................................................................................................................................... 22
1.7.6 Technologie .............................................................................................................................................. 24
HOOFDSTUK 2: DUURZAAM TOERISME ................................................................................................... 25
2.1 HISTORIEK VAN HET BEGRIP DUURZAME ONTWIKKELING .......................................................................................... 25
2.2 VAN DUURZAAMHEIDSDRIEHOEK NAAR DUURZAAMHEIDSVIJFHOEK ......................................................................... 25
2.3 DUURZAAM TOERISME ............................................................................................................................................. 27
2.4 DE STAKEHOLDERS BINNEN DUURZAAM TOERISME ................................................................................................... 27
2.4.1 De duurzame reiziger ..................................................................................................................................... 28
2.4.2 Duurzame logies ............................................................................................................................................. 28
2.4.3 Duurzame touroperator ................................................................................................................................. 28
2.4.4 Duurzaam transport ...................................................................................................................................... 28
2.4.5 Duurzame attracties ...................................................................................................................................... 28
2.4.6 De toeristische overheid ................................................................................................................................. 29
2.4.7 De lokale bevolking ......................................................................................................................................... 29
2.5 MONDIAAL ETHISCHE CODE VOOR TOERISME – GLOBAL CODE OF ETHICS FOR TOURISM (UNWTO) ....................... 29
HOOFDSTUK 3: INTERNATIONALE EN NATIONALE TOERISTISCHE ORGANISATIES ............................ 30
3.1 INTERNATIONALE ORGANISATIES .............................................................................................................................. 30
3.1.1 World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) ....................................................................................................... 30
3.1.2 World travel and tourism council (WTTC) .................................................................................................... 30
3.1.3 European Travel and Tourism Action Group (ETAG)..................................................................................... 31
3.1.4 United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) ............................................ 31
3.1.5 Organisatie voor Economische Samenwerking en Ontwikkeling (OESO) .................................................... 31
3.1.6 Benelux Economische Unie -> Benelux Unie (BEU)....................................................................................... 31
PAGINA 1
, 3.1.7 Europese Commissie voor Toerisme (ECT) – European Travel Commission (ETC) ..................................... 31
3.1.8 Association Internationale d’experts Scientifique du tourisme (AIEST) ....................................................... 31
3.1.9 Central European Countries Travel Association (CACTA) ............................................................................ 31
3.1.10 European Association for tourism and leisure education (ATLAS)............................................................. 32
3.1.11 European Network for Accessible Tourism (ENAT) ...................................................................................... 32
3.1.12 United nations environment program & Pacific Asia Travel association (PATA) ...................................... 32
3.2 SECTORGERICHTE ORGANISATIES ............................................................................................................................. 32
3.2.1 Luchtvaart........................................................................................................................................................ 32
3.2.2 Tour operators ................................................................................................................................................ 32
3.2.3 Reisagenten ..................................................................................................................................................... 32
3.2.4 Scheepvaart ..................................................................................................................................................... 33
3.2.5 Wegtransport .................................................................................................................................................. 33
3.2.6 Spoorwegen ..................................................................................................................................................... 33
3.2.7 Attracties/bezienswaardigheden.................................................................................................................... 33
3.2.8 Sociaal toerisme .............................................................................................................................................. 33
3.2.9 Meeting industry............................................................................................................................................. 33
3.2.10 Horeca/logies................................................................................................................................................. 33
3.2.11 Algemeen ........................................................................................................................................................ 34
3.3 NATIONALE ORGANISATIES....................................................................................................................................... 34
3.4 BELGISCHE (VLAAMSE) BEROEPSORGANISATIES ....................................................................................................... 34
3.4.1 Association of Belgian tour operators (ABTO) .............................................................................................. 34
3.4.2 Federatie Toeristische Industrie (FTI) ........................................................................................................... 34
3.4.3 Vereniging van Vlaamse reisbureaus (VVR) ................................................................................................. 35
3.4.4 Vlaamse associatie van reisagenten (VLARA) .............................................................................................. 35
3.4.5 Reisleiders Vlaanderen (RV)........................................................................................................................... 35
3.4.6 HORECA Vlaanderen ..................................................................................................................................... 35
3.4.7. RECREAD....................................................................................................................................................... 35
3.4.8. Unie van Zelfstandige Ondernemers (UNIZO) ............................................................................................ 35
3.4.9. Federatie van de Belgische autobus- en autocarondernemingen (FBAA) ................................................... 35
3.4.10. Confederatie van Immobiliënberoepen Vlaanderen (CIB).......................................................................... 35
3.4.11. Belgian Travel Organisation (BTO) ............................................................................................................. 35
3.5 CONSUMENTENORGANISATIES ................................................................................................................................. 35
3.5.1 Geschillencommissiereizen ............................................................................................................................. 35
3.5.2 Garantiefond reizen (GR) ............................................................................................................................... 36
3.5.3 Vlaamse solidariteit reisgelden (VSR)............................................................................................................ 36
3.5.4 European Consumers Organization (BEUC) ................................................................................................ 36
3.6 DE EUROPESE UNIE EN TOERISME............................................................................................................................ 36
3.6.1 De Europese Raad & Raad van Ministers ....................................................................................................... 36
3.6.2 Europees Parlement ........................................................................................................................................ 36
3.6.3 De Commissie ................................................................................................................................................. 37
3.6.4 Het Hof van Justitie ........................................................................................................................................ 37
3.6.5 De Europese Centrale Bank (ECB) ................................................................................................................. 37
3.6.6 De Rekenkamer .............................................................................................................................................. 37
3.6.7 Het Europees Economisch en Sociaal Comité ............................................................................................... 37
3.6.8 Het Comité van de Regio’s ............................................................................................................................. 37
3.6.9 De Europese Investeringsbank....................................................................................................................... 37
3.6.10 De Wetgeving van de EU .............................................................................................................................. 38
3.6.11 Overzicht van de belangrijkste beleidsniveaus binnen de Europese Unie, verantwoordelijk voor toerisme
.................................................................................................................................................................................. 38
3.7 WAT DOET DE EUROPESE UNIE? .............................................................................................................................. 39
3.7.1 Het solidariteitsbeleid ..................................................................................................................................... 39
PAGINA 2
, 3.8 TOERISME IN EUROPA ONDERSTEUNEN .................................................................................................................... 40
3.8.1 Rechtsgrondslag .............................................................................................................................................. 40
3.8.2 Resultaten ....................................................................................................................................................... 40
3.8.3 Financiering toeristische sector ..................................................................................................................... 40
3.9 CASESTUDIE PROVINCIE ANTWERPEN ...................................................................................................................... 40
HOOFDSTUK 4: TOERISTISCHE STRUCTUREN OP BELGISCH NIVEAU .................................................. 41
4.1.1 Institutionele aspecten en organisatie van het toerisme ................................................................................41
4.1.2 Evolutie van onze nationale diensten van toerisme ....................................................................................... 42
4.2 OVERZICHT VAN DE TOERISTISCHE DIENSTEN IN BELGIË OP HET NIVEAU VAN GEMEENSCHAPPEN EN GEWESTEN...... 42
4.2.1 Vlaanderen....................................................................................................................................................... 42
HOOFDSTUK 5: TOERISTISCHE STRUCTUREN IN VLAANDEREN ............................................................ 42
5.1 OPRICHTINGSDECREET TOERISME VLAANDEREN (2004) & WIJZIGINGSDECREET (2011) ............................................. 42
5.1.1 Hoe zit Toerisme Vlaanderen in elkaar? ......................................................................................................... 42
5.1.2 Missie ............................................................................................................................................................... 43
5.1.3 Taken................................................................................................................................................................ 43
5.1.4 Bevoegdheden .................................................................................................................................................. 43
5.1.5 Raadgevend comité .......................................................................................................................................... 43
5.2 TOERISME VLAANDEREN .......................................................................................................................................... 43
5.2.1 Missie ............................................................................................................................................................... 43
5.2.2 Visie ................................................................................................................................................................. 43
5.2.3 Organogram .................................................................................................................................................... 44
5.2.4 Partners ........................................................................................................................................................... 44
5.2.5 Subsidies .......................................................................................................................................................... 45
5.2.6 Labels .............................................................................................................................................................. 46
5.2 PROVINCIALE DIENSTEN VOOR TOERISME ................................................................................................................. 48
5.2.1 Case toerisme provincie Antwerpen (TPA) .................................................................................................... 48
5.2.2 Provincie Antwerpen Fortengordel................................................................................................................. 49
5.2.3 Provincie Antwerpen Kempenslandschap .............................................................................................. 49
5.2.4 Vlaamse Provincies – Overheveling Bevoegdheden ....................................................................................... 49
5.2.5 Toeristische regio’s ......................................................................................................................................... 50
5.3 STEDELIJKE & GEMEENTELIJKE DIENSTEN VAN TOERISME .......................................................................................... 50
5.4 AANVULLENDE INITIATIEVEN ................................................................................................................................... 52
5.4.1 Logeren in Vlaanderen VZW .......................................................................................................................... 52
5.4.2 Regionale landschappen ................................................................................................................................. 52
5.5 BAANBREKEND VAKMANSCHAP ................................................................................................................................ 52
HOOFDSTUK 6: TOERISMEBELEID IN VLAANDEREN .............................................................................. 53
6.1 TOERISMEBELEID OP VLAAMS NIVEAU ...................................................................................................................... 53
6.1.1 Kerntakendebat................................................................................................................................................ 53
6.1.2 Wetgeving -> Toerisme decreten .................................................................................................................... 53
6.1.3 Beheersovereenkomst toerisme Vlaanderen en minister............................................................................... 53
6.1.4 Strategische beleidsplan 2020 ......................................................................................................................... 54
6.1.5 Reizen naar Morgen 2019 ................................................................................................................................ 55
6.1.6 Beleidsnota Toerisme 2019-2024..................................................................................................................... 56
6.2 TOERISME BELEID OP PROVINCIAAL NIVEAU ............................................................................................................. 56
HOOFDSTUK 7: TOERISME VOOR ALLEN ................................................................................................. 57
7.1 VAN SOCIAAL TOERISME NAAR TOERISME VOOR ALLEN ............................................................................................. 57
7.2 EEN DECREET IN 2003 ............................................................................................................................................. 58
7.2.1 Doelgroepgerichte benadering ................................................................................................................ 58
PAGINA 3
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