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Unit 14 physiological disorders and their care task 1 distinction
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Harriet JonesUnit 14 - physiological disorders
and their care
Introduction
In this unit, I am writing about how two physiological disorders impact the
service users and what the most suitable treatment options for them
depending on the impact it will have on their health and well-being. The two
disorders I am writing about are Diabetes and Multiple Sclerosis. I will be
researching how these disorders are investigated and diagnosed and the
treatment available for the diagnosis.
Diabetes
P1: Explain the causes, signs and symptoms of different types of physiological
disorders in service users.
For this part of the assignment, I will be writing about type 1 diabetes. Type 1
diabetes is a condition where the body cannot make a hormone called insulin
so the blood sugar level is too high. The body cannot make insulin because the
body attacks the cells in your pancreas that make the insulin. Diabetes causes
blood sugar levels to be too high because when we eat and drink our body
breaks down the carbohydrate into glucose which then enters the
bloodstream. However, when this happens to a diabetic person, there is no
insulin to allow it into the body’s cells causing the glucose to continually build
up in the bloodstream causing high blood sugar levels. Type 1 diabetes has not
been found to have a cause and is not caused by diet and lifestyle.
Symptoms of type 1 diabetes often are subtle but get progressively worse if
left untreated. The most common symptoms are extreme thirst, increased
,hunger, dry mouth, vomiting, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss,
fatigue and blurry vision. When you have high blood sugar levels you urinate
more which explains the frequent urination however this leads to dehydration
because you lose a lot of water when this happens. Frequent urination causes
you to lose water so you will be thirsty and have a dry mouth. The unexplained
weight loss happens because glucose leaves the body in our urine which
contains calories, calories are a big factor in weight and losing a lot of calories
in our urine can cause weight loss. This is because the higher the blood sugar
the more we urinate, causing us to lose more glucose when we urinate causing
a bigger loss of calories overall. It is a lifelong condition however it is usually
diagnosed under the age of 20.
https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/type-1-diabetes
M1: Analyse the changes in body systems and functions resulting from
different types of physiological disorders in service users.
The endocrine system is a body system consisting of several glands that
secrete hormones that decide and dictate how cells and organs behave. The
endocrine system produces hormones which help the body regulate growth,
sexual function and metabolism. All the chemical reactions which enable the
body to stay alive are encompassed by metabolism. Energy metabolism is the
process of generating energy from nutrients which are mostly found in the
food we eat as it contains protein, fat and carbohydrates to provide energy.
The pancreas is part of the endocrine system and secretes insulin and glucagon
hormones, making glucose and fatty acids available for cells to use for energy.
The pancreas plays an important part in energy metabolism however a person
who has type 1 diabetes cannot produce enough insulin from the pancreas so
there is an imbalance between the effects of insulin and glucagon. The effects
of insulin help to reduce blood glucose levels whereas glucagon does the
opposite and helps to increase blood sugar levels. Without enough insulin to
reduce the blood sugar levels but the glucagon is still secreted, the levels will
continue to rise and cause high blood sugar levels called hyperglycaemia. If left
untreated, hyperglycaemia can become life-threatening and cause an
individual to go into a diabetic coma. The thyroid gland is part of the endocrine
system, an organ at the base of the neck that plays a major role in regulating
body functions such as metabolism. Metabolism issues can have an effect on
weight which can cause someone to be overweight or underweight. Too much
or too little insulin can affect thyroid hormone production and activity so
, someone with diabetes who cannot produce insulin is likely to have issues with
their thyroid production as they have to manually inject insulin into their body.
The ovaries and testes are also part of the endocrine system and type 1
diabetes can cause sexual dysfunction in the long term as it can affect blood
vessels and nerves. Women with type 1 diabetes have an increased chance of
being diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome due to high levels of insulin
which can increase the ovarian size and quantity of follicles.
Overall the effects of type 1 diabetes on the endocrine system are often due to
the imbalance of hormones secreted and lack of blood flow however these can
be managed and controlled with treatment options. Insulin is a very important
hormone required for many different systems in the body to take place
however with correct treatment and control of diabetes these issues can
decrease or reduce.
https://www.pcosnutrition.com/type-1-diabetes-pcos/
The second body system that is affected by type 1 diabetes is the circulatory
system. The circulatory system transports oxygen and nutrients to all corners
of the body. It also carries away carbon dioxide and other waste products. The
main parts of the circulatory system are the heart, blood vessels such as
arteries and veins, and the blood itself. The circulatory system maintains the
blood flow within a certain pressure range for blood to make it everywhere it
needs to go. https://www.diabetes.co.uk/body/circulatory-system.html
A consequence of having type 1 diabetes is damage to the blood vessels in
different parts of the circulatory system which allow blood to flow around the
body. Blood glucose levels are regulated by the circulatory system however if
blood glucose levels become too high for long periods, damage can be
sustained by the blood vessels. A negative effect on the functioning of the
body can occur if significant numbers of blood vessels are damaged which
causes diabetic complications to develop. Nerve damage results from damage
to the blood vessels that feed the nerves oxygen and nutrients to the body’s
cells including glucose as well as carrying carbon dioxide and waste products
away from the cells. Damage to nerves and circulation in the foot and legs can
increase the risks of foot ulcers and could lead to amputation because the
correct oxygen and nutrients are not being supplied to the limbs to allow them
to work and stay alive but also cannot fight infection as the nerves transport
white blood cells to fight off infection. Diabetes can also damage blood vessels
feeding organs which can then affect the performance of the organ. When the
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