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Samenvatting Biochemie 8RA00 collegejaar

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Samenvatting van 13 colleges van het vak Biochemie. Deze samenvatting is van het collegejaar , waarbij het vak in het 4e kwartiel werd gegeven. Met deze samenvatting heb ik een 8 gehaald voor het tentamen. Het vak werd gegeven door Luc Brunsveld.

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  • April 27, 2018
  • 27
  • 2016/2017
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Biochemie 2016B-4
Inhoud
Biochemie 2016B-4 ................................................................................................................................. 1
College 1 (H1,H6) ................................................................................................................................ 3
Evolutie ........................................................................................................................................... 3
Interacties ....................................................................................................................................... 3
College 2 (H2) ...................................................................................................................................... 3
Aminozuren ..................................................................................................................................... 3
Peptidebinding ................................................................................................................................ 4
Secundaire structuren..................................................................................................................... 4
Super-secundaire structuren .......................................................................................................... 5
Tertiare interacties.......................................................................................................................... 5
College 3 (H3) ...................................................................................................................................... 5
Eiwitvouwing ................................................................................................................................... 5
Zuivering van eiwitten..................................................................................................................... 6
Analyse van eiwitten ....................................................................................................................... 6
Eiwitten aan kleuren ....................................................................................................................... 6
College 4 (H8) ...................................................................................................................................... 6
Enzymen – Basale concepten.......................................................................................................... 6
Enzymen – Kinetiek ......................................................................................................................... 7
Inhibitie van enzymen ..................................................................................................................... 8
College 5 (H8,9) ................................................................................................................................... 8
Proteasen ........................................................................................................................................ 9
College 6 (H9) .................................................................................................................................... 10
Koolstof anhydrase ....................................................................................................................... 10
Restrictie endonucleases .............................................................................................................. 11
Myosines ....................................................................................................................................... 11
College 7 (H4,28) ............................................................................................................................... 12
Nucleïnezuren ............................................................................................................................... 12
Watson-Crick model...................................................................................................................... 13
DNA replicatie ............................................................................................................................... 13
Topoisomerases ............................................................................................................................ 14
College 8 (H5) .................................................................................................................................... 15
DNA/RNA experimentele technieken ........................................................................................... 15

,College 9 (H4, 29) .............................................................................................................................. 16
RNA synthese ................................................................................................................................ 16
RNA processing ............................................................................................................................. 17
mRNA Splicing ............................................................................................................................... 17
College 10 (H4, 30) ............................................................................................................................ 18
Ribosoom ...................................................................................................................................... 18
tRNA .............................................................................................................................................. 19
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase ......................................................................................................... 19
College 11 (H12, 13) .......................................................................................................................... 20
Biomembranen ............................................................................................................................. 20
Lipiden ........................................................................................................................................... 20
Membraanlipiden: ........................................................................................................................ 20
Bilaag en micel .............................................................................................................................. 21
College 12 (H13, 14) .......................................................................................................................... 21
Pompen ......................................................................................................................................... 21
Ionkanalen..................................................................................................................................... 22
Signalen via receptoren ................................................................................................................ 23
College 13 (H15) ................................................................................................................................ 23
Metabolisme bestaat uit veel gekoppelde, interconnecting reacties .......................................... 23
ATP is vrije energie in biologische systemen ................................................................................ 24
De oxidatieve van koolstofbrandstoffen is belangrijke bron van energie .................................... 24
Metabolische patways bevatten veel terugkomende motieven .................................................. 25

, College 1 (H1,H6)
Evolutie
2 moleculen zijn homoloog als ze van dezelfde voorouder afstammen.
Er zijn 2 klassen homologie:
Ortholoog: zelfde voorlopergen, maar in ander organisme (door evolutie).
Paraloog: zelfde voorlopergen, maar andere functie.

Divergente evolutie: ontstaan van een eiwit uit hetzelfde voorlopergen, met andere functie. 
zelfde structuur, andere functie.
Functie A
Voorlopergen <
Functie B
Convergente evolutie: ontstaan van eiwit uit ander voorlopergen, maar met dezelfde functie 
zelfde functie, andere structuur.
Voorlopergen A
> Functie
Voorlopergen B

Interacties
Non-covalente bindingen:
 VanderWaals
 Ionisch
 Waterstofbruggen

Waterstofbrug: proton tussen 2 heteroatomen.
VdW: interacties tussen buuratomen middels ongeladen atomen.

Water en hydrofobe effect: het effect dat niet-polaire moleculen de neiging hebben om te
aggregeren en zo watermoleculen uit te sluiten.
Water is polair, door zijn niet-lineaire vorm. Water is sterk cohesief en heeft een hoge dielectrische
constante.
Dit hydrofobe effect zorgt voor eiwitvouwing. De binnenkant van een eiwit is hydrofoob, de
buitenkant hydrofiel.


College 2 (H2)
Aminozuren
Een aminozuur bestaat uit een koolstofatoom met een aminogroep en een carboxylic-acid groep.
Daarnaast zit er aan het C-atoom ook een H-atoom en een restketen. Aminozuren zijn chiraal.

Aminozuren zijn in te delen in verschillende groepen.

Apolair alifatisch (dus geen ringstructuur):

 Glycine Geen stereochemie, dus beweeglijk
 Alanine
 Valine
 Leucine

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