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The Neuroscience behind Relationships

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  • April 28, 2018
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  • 2016/2017
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Lecture 8
Relationship Neuroscience

The Neuroscience of Social Connection:
 Humans are almost unique as mammals in that we form long-term pair bonding.
 A pair bond is a preferential and enduring relationship between adult mates
(‘coupling’).
 Pair bonding is rare in mammals, but widespread in humans.
 Pair bonding occurs in nearly all human societies, regardless of social
organisation
 Even in polygynous marriages, husbands typically feel particularly ‘bonded’ to
one of their wives.

Benefits of Long-Term Pair Bonding:
 Encourages male parental investment and division of labour (caring,
provisioning).
 Helps offset disproportionately high cost of raising human children (delayed
maturity).
o Modern hunter-gatherers in sub-Saharan Africa lasts on average >2.5 years in
these societies. Requires more calories from the mother

Disadvantages of Long-Term Bonds:
 Risky commitment
 All fathers must decide whether to invest in their offspring or seek additional
mates
 Women are at risk of abandonment. To overcome this females have to be careful
in choosing mates who are trustworthy and do the job of a ‘father’.
 There are many social mechanisms to keep people together, for example
marriage.
 There are also biological mechanisms

Function of Romantic Love:
A commitment device (Gonzaga et al., 2001):
 Romantic love is a commitment device. It promotes and preserves enduring
commitment between two people.
 Experience of love motivates approach toward an intimate partner
 Outward expression of love communicates commitment to intimate partners.
 Love keeps partners together in long-term pair bonds oriented toward raising
vulnerable, dependent offspring.
 Predictions:
o Momentary experience of love should relate to approach-related emotions
o Outward expression of love should communicate commitment
o Experience and expression of love should enhance processes that protect and
strengthen pair bonds.
 Researchers studied romantic student couples that had been in a couple for
longer than 6 months.

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