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Samenvatting Biochemie - MLT2 -HoGent
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Samenvatting BiochemieInhoud
Hoofdstuk 1 Inleiding ................................................................................................................. 5
Miller experiment ................................................................................................................... 5
Hoofdstuk 2 Biomoleculen ......................................................................................................... 5
1. Water .................................................................................................................................. 5
2. Anorganische bestandsdelen ............................................................................................. 5
3. Organische moleculen: soorten bindingen ........................................................................ 6
4. Gluciden.............................................................................................................................. 7
4.1. Disachariden ................................................................................................................ 8
4.2. Polysachariden ............................................................................................................ 8
4.3. Glycoproteïnen en glycolipiden .................................................................................. 9
4.4. Aanverwante moleculen: ............................................................................................ 9
2.4.5. Biologische rol .......................................................................................................... 9
2.5. Lipiden ........................................................................................................................... 10
5.1. Esters ......................................................................................................................... 10
5.2. Biologische rol ........................................................................................................... 10
6. Homeostase ...................................................................................................................... 10
Hoofdstuk 3 pH en buffermengsels ......................................................................................... 11
1. Inleiding ........................................................................................................................ 11
2. pH in menselijk lichaam................................................................................................ 11
3. Buffers maken in het labo ............................................................................................ 12
4. Belangrijke buffersystemen ......................................................................................... 12
Hoofdstuk 4 Biochemische technieken .................................................................................... 13
1. Elektroforese .................................................................................................................... 13
1.1. Kleuring...................................................................................................................... 14
1.2. Densitometrie............................................................................................................ 14
1.3.Belang van pH van buffer ........................................................................................... 15
1.4. Celluloseacetaat elektroforese ................................................................................. 15
1.5. Polyacrylamide gelelektroforose (PAGE) voor EW.................................................... 15
1.6. SDS-page .................................................................................................................... 17
1.7. Agarose-gel ................................................................................................................ 18
2. Immunofixatie .................................................................................................................. 18
3. Iso-elektrisch focussing IEF............................................................................................... 19
, 4. 2D GE ................................................................................................................................ 20
5. Capillaire Elektroforese CE ............................................................................................... 20
6. immunoblotting of westernblotting................................................................................. 21
7. Kolomchromatografie ...................................................................................................... 22
8. Uit en inzouten van EW .................................................................................................... 22
9. Dialyse .............................................................................................................................. 22
10. Centrifugering................................................................................................................. 23
11. Celfractionering .............................................................................................................. 24
Hoofdstuk 5 Eiwitten ............................................................................................................... 25
1. Inleiding ............................................................................................................................ 25
2. Aminozuren ...................................................................................................................... 25
2.1 Functies ...................................................................................................................... 25
2.2 Proteïnogene AZ ......................................................................................................... 26
2.3 Posttranslationele eiwit processing : ......................................................................... 28
2.4 Niet-proteïnogene AZ ................................................................................................. 28
3. Eiwitten + oefening van ppt................................................................................... 29
3.1. Functies ..................................................................................................................... 29
3.2. Peptidebinding .......................................................................................................... 30
3.3. Naamgeving peptides ................................................................................................ 30
3.4. Interacties .................................................................................................................. 30
3.5. Conformatieruimte van de peptideketens................................................................ 31
3.6 Structuurniveaus ........................................................................................................ 32
3.7. Structurele motieven ................................................................................................ 34
3.8. Tertiaire structuur ..................................................................................................... 34
3.9. Quaternaire Structuur ............................................................................................... 34
3.12 Visualisering ............................................................................................................. 35
4 Structuureiwitten .............................................................................................................. 35
4.1 Collageen .................................................................................................................... 36
4.2. Zijdefibroïne (draden): .............................................................................................. 36
5 Globulaire Eiwitten ............................................................................................................ 36
6. Vouwen van eiwitten ....................................................................................................... 37
6.1. Biologisch actieve conformatie: ................................................................................ 37
6.2. Denatureren en renatureren: ................................................................................... 37
7. Interacties met diverse producten: .................................................................................. 37
8. Interacties met diverse stoffen ........................................................................................ 37
, 9. Voorbeelden: .................................................................................................................... 38
10. Sequentiebepaling en evolutie van eiwitten: ................................................................ 40
10.1. Sequentiebepaling met Edman-degradatie ............................................................ 40
10.2. Evolutie van eiwitten:.............................................................................................. 40
11 Eiwitten in het labo: ........................................................................................................ 41
11.1. Voorzorgen: ............................................................................................................. 41
11.2. EWprecipitatietechnieken / onteiwitten : .............................................................. 41
11.3 Assays voor EW bepaling:......................................................................................... 41
11.4. Analyse van identificatie en structuur: ................................................................... 41
Hoofdstuk 6: Enzymen en Coënzymen..................................................................................... 42
1. Inleiding ............................................................................................................................ 42
2. Mechanisme van katalyse: ............................................................................................... 42
3. Eigenschappen van enzymen: .......................................................................................... 44
4. Coënzymen: ...................................................................................................................... 45
4.1. NAD+: ......................................................................................................................... 45
4.2. FAD ............................................................................................................................ 46
4.3. Coënzyme A ............................................................................................................... 46
5. Enzymkinetiek .................................................................................................................. 47
5.1. Enzyminhibitie ........................................................................................................... 48
6. Indeling van Enzymen:...................................................................................................... 49
7. Vitaminen: ........................................................................................................................ 50
7.1 Water oplosbaar ......................................................................................................... 50
7.2. Vet oplosbaar ............................................................................................................ 50
Hoofdstuk 7 Overzicht van het metabolisme :......................................................................... 50
1. Anabolisme en katabolisme: ............................................................................................ 50
2. Energiecycli in de cel ........................................................................................................ 52
2.1. de ATP/ADP cyclus0................................................................................................... 52
2.2. de NAD+/NADH + H+ cyclus: ...................................................................................... 52
Hoofdstuk 8 Metabolisme van koolhydraten: ......................................................................... 53
1. Inleiding ............................................................................................................................ 53
2. Glycolyse ........................................................................................................................... 53
2.1. verband tussen fermentatie en ademhaling ............................................................. 53
2.2. Overzicht glycolyse: ................................................................................................... 54
2.3. enzymatische stappen glycolyse: .............................................................................. 55
3. Pentose cyclus of hexose-monofosfaat shunt: ................................................................ 56
, 4. Afbraak en opbouw van glycogeen: ................................................................................. 56
4.1. Afbraak van glycogeen of glycogenolyse: ................................................................. 56
4.2. opbouw van glycogeen of glycogenogenese: ........................................................... 57
Hoofdstuk 9 Biochemische Energie .......................................................................................... 58
1. Inleiding ............................................................................................................................ 58
2. Energie-rijke verbindingen ............................................................................................... 58
3.Citroenzuur- of krebscyclus ............................................................................................... 58
3.1. Metabolisme van pyrodruivenzuur ........................................................................... 58
3.2. Overzicht van de Krebscyclus: ................................................................................... 58
3.3. Individuele reacties Krebscyclus: .............................................................................. 59
4. Elektronentransport en oxidatie fosforylatie: .................................................................. 60
5. Schatting energieopbrengst bij oxidatie glucose: ............................................................ 62
5.1. Glycolyse → Pyruvaat: .............................................................................................. 62
5.2. Pyruvaat → Acetyl CoA ............................................................................................. 62
5.3. Krebscyclus: ............................................................................................................... 62
5.4. aërobe/ anaërobe afbraak van glucose: ................................................................... 62
Hoofdstuk 10 Metabolisme van proteïnen .............................................................................. 63
Opbouw van aminozuren ..................................................................................................... 63
Afbraak van aminozuren ...................................................................................................... 63
Hoofdstuk 11 metabolisme van Proteïnen .............................................................................. 64
Opbouwen en afbreken van lipiden: .................................................................................... 64
2. Transport van lipiden in het lichaam:............................................................................... 64
Hoofdstuk 12 Signaaltransductie ............................................................................................. 66
1. Inleiding: ........................................................................................................................... 66
1.1. Directe Cel-Cel communicatie: .................................................................................. 66
1.2. Indirecte communicatie: ........................................................................................... 67
1.3. soorten liganden : agonisten en antagonisten: ........................................................ 67
1.4. soorten (membraan)receptoren: .............................................................................. 68
2. Neurotransmissie ............................................................................................................. 70
Membraanpotentiaal ....................................................................................................... 70
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