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Samenvatting van de functionele wervelkolom & onderste lidmaten
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samenvatting functionele anatomie van de wervelkolom & onderste lidmaten + eigen notities
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Functionele anatomie van wervelkolom en onderste lidmaatLichaamsholten
Apertura thoracis superior
begrensd door:
• Eerste borstwervel (Th1)
• Eerste rib
• Bovenrand van het sternum
Apertura thoracis inferior afgesloten door diafragma.
COLUMNA VERTEBRALIS:
7 vertebrae cervicales
12 vertebrae thoracicae
5 vertebrae lumbales
5 samengevoegde heiligbeenwervels = os sacrum
3-4 vergroeide staartbeenwervels= os coccygis
Soorten wervels
VERTEBRAE CERVICALES
ATLAS
AXIS
VERTEBRAE THORACALES / DORSALES
VERTEBRAE LUMBALES
Bouw wervelkolom
a) Discus intervertebralis
Tussenwervelschijf
mv. disci intervertebrales
Meest craniale: tussen C2 en C3
Meest caudale: tussen L5 en os sacrum
,Hoog-cervicaal
• C0-C1: occiput en atlas
• C1-C2: atlas en axis
• C2-C3: eerste discus intervertebralis
Algemene kenmerken van een wervel
b) Basisstructuur wervel
• Corpus vertebrae (wervellichaam): ventraal
• Arcus vertebrae (wervelboog): dorsaal
Processus (uitsteeksels).
Meervoud van processus is ook processus, afgekort proc en procc.
• Foramen vertebrale (wervelgat): omgeven door corpus en arcus
Opeenvolgende foramina vertebralia van de hals-, borst- en lendenwervels
vormen het wervelkanaal: canalis vertebralis
Hierin bevindt het ruggenmerg (medulla spinalis) zich.
Kenmerken arcus vertebrae:
• Processus transversus: vrij grote gepaarde (links en rechts) dwarsuitsteeksels
• Processus spinosus: ongepaard doornuitsteeksel, naar dorsaal
• Processus articulares (superiores en inferiores): gewrichtsuitsteeksels, boven en onder,
gepaard (links en rechts)
Gewrichtsvlakken = gewrichtsfacetten
, • Pediculus arcus vertebrae
Incisura vertebralis inferior
Incisura vertebralis superior
• Lamina arcus vertebrae: aan de wortel van de processus spinosus
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