COP4600 FINAL COMBINED EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2023/2024

COP4600 FINAL COMBINED EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2023/2024 What pieces of hardware are in the CPU? - CORRECT ANSWER-Registers, ALU, and control unit Hardware which serves as the CPUs memory. There are special and general purposed of these - CORRECT ANSWER-Registers Hardware which does arithmetic and logical computations - CORRECT ANSWER-ALU Hardware which tracks state/status. Also controls other components - CORRECT ANSWER-Control unit Instruction cycle responsible for loading the instruction - CORRECT ANSWER-Fetch Instruction cycle responsible for finding the opcode/operands of the instruction and interpreting it - CORRECT ANSWER-Decode Instruction cycle responsible for carrying out the instruction - CORRECT ANSWERExecute Protected instructions can only be executed in a ____________ - CORRECT ANSWER-Protected state Legacy boot process - CORRECT ANSWER-BIOS What does BIOS stand for? - CORRECT ANSWER-Binary Input Output System The ________ bootstraps the boot sector - CORRECT ANSWER-Bootloader What does bootstrap mean? - CORRECT ANSWER-Loading up the computer Why are the bootsector and bootloader separate? - CORRECT ANSWER-Bootsector is too small Where is the BIOS init stored? - CORRECT ANSWER-The motherboard What boot process is usable on x86-64 (i386) standalone PCs? - CORRECT ANSWERBIOS What boot process has standard for ARM chipset systems? - CORRECT ANSWERNeither Which boot process has standardized NVRAM locations for system variables? - CORRECT ANSWER-UEFI Which boot process uses a dedicated bootloader partition? - CORRECT ANSWERBIOS Which boot process is usable on x86-64 (x64) standalone PCs? - CORRECT ANSWER-Both Newer boot process - CORRECT ANSWER-UEFI Which boot process simplifies diskless systems? - CORRECT ANSWER-UEFI What are the functions of an OS? - CORRECT ANSWER-Loading programs onto machine, controlling I/O devices, managing resources (memory, CPU), multi-tasking execution, data protection (permissions), and task interaction (pipes, networking) Mode for directly manipulating hardware - CORRECT ANSWER-Kernel mode T/F: No device is directly accessed without the kernel - CORRECT ANSWER-True T/F: Only system libraries can invoke system calls - CORRECT ANSWER-False T/F: The system call invokes code written by system developers, while a procedure call invokes code written by an application programmer - CORRECT ANSWER-False A running program is in ______ - CORRECT ANSWER-Execution When we run a program, we create a _________ for it - CORRECT ANSWER-Process Features of a process - CORRECT ANSWER-Has some address space, associated with specific resources, computational element/object, and has one or more threads of execution When we make a _______, we add a stack frame to the call stack - CORRECT ANSWER-Procedure call Which pointer points to the beginning of the stack frame? - CORRECT ANSWER-Frame pointer Which pointer points to the beginning of the call stack? - CORRECT ANSWER-Stack pointer A ___________ involves a switch into kernel mode for execution - CORRECT ANSWER-System call Invocation of a system call causes a what? - CORRECT ANSWER-Kernel trap What must be stored in a kernel trap? - CORRECT ANSWER-Current address, registers, etc What gets the address from the interrupt vector during a kernel trap? - CORRECT ANSWER-OS dispatcher Generation of pre-OS in which there was a control room in which a human operator ran programs (plugboards) - CORRECT ANSWER-Generation 0: The operator When was Generation 0 of OS? - CORRECT ANSWER-1940s When was Generation 1 of OS? - CORRECT ANSWER-1950s Generation of OS in which a resident monitor was used to execute common tasks (basic job loading, config, etc) for the operator. Users would reserve time on the system. Precursor to modern concept of OS - CORRECT ANSWER-Generation 1: resident monitor Generation of OS in which job systems allowed many programs to be run in succession. A programmer would submit a job on punch cards. The punch cards would be read by a card reader onto magnetic tap. An operator would transfer prepared jobs to processing unit on input tape. Results would be written to output tape, which would be read and printed - CORRECT ANSWER-Generation 2: Batch systems Batch system in which the OS sets up the next job and removes the current. Programs are run sequentially - CORRECT ANSWER-Uniprogrammed batch systems Fence in memory which defines end in user memory and beginning of OS memory - CORRECT ANSWER-Fence register Issues with uniprogrammed batch systems - CORRECT ANSWER-Mainly I/O so idle CPU Batch system in which when one job was running, the OS would set up and began to run next. They would take turns on the CPU. In this system, the CPU was on idle when all jobs were in system - CORRECT ANSWER-Multiprogrammed batch systems Formula for CPU utilization - CORRECT ANSWER-1 - p^n (p = fraction of time process is in I/O wait; n = # jobs) When were batch systems prevalent? - CORRECT ANSWER-1950s/1960