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Samenvatting Strafrecht en privaatrecht Week 2

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  • Course
  • Strafrecht en privaatrecht
  • Institution
  • Universiteit Utrecht (UU)

Samenvatting van de literatuur voorgeschreven voor het vak Strafrecht en privaatrecht, week 2 Let op: deze samenvatting bevat niet de voorgeschreven jurisprudentie

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Document information

  • May 2, 2018
  • 6
  • 2017/2018
  • Summary

Subjects

  • strafrecht
  • privaatrecht
  • samenvatting
  • strafrecht en privaatrecht
  • privaatrecht in perspectief
  • privaatrecht in perspectief strafrecht en privaatrecht

Written for

  • Universiteit Utrecht (UU)
  • Rechtsgeleerdheid
  • Strafrecht en privaatrecht
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Samenvatting Week 2
Greer, Slowe, Gerards- The Case Law of the ECtHR
Article 2- Right to life
Article 2 2C HR 2seeks 2to 2rrotect 2tee 2rghet 2of 2lgfe 2by 2two 2obylghattions. 2Tee 2irst 2gs 2at 2rosgtive 2
obylghattion 2on 2tee 2ratrt 2of 2tee 2statte 2to 2rrotect 2ever one’s 2rghet 2to 2lgfe 2teroughe 2latw, 2tee 2second 2
gs 2at 2nehattive 2obylghattion 2on 2tee 2statte 2not 2to 2derrgve 2atn one 2of 2lgfe 2excert 2teroughe 2latwfugl 2
execugtion 2or 2by 2tee 2ugse 2of 2no 2more 2force 2teatn 2gs 2atbysolugtel 2necessatr 2to 2defend 2someone 2
from 2ugnlatwfugl 2vgolence. 2Tee 2rosgtive 2obylghattions 2atlso 2meatn 2at 2rghet 2to 2bye 2rrotected 2from 2
foreseeatbyle 2atnd 2reatsonatbyl 2atvogdatbyle 2lgfe-tereattengnh 2self-eatrm 2or 2eatrm 2from 2tegrd 2ratrties. 2
A 2dgfficuglt 2rognt 2wgtegn 2atrt. 2 2gs 2atbyortion. 2In 2 44 , 2gn 2tee 2catse 2 o 2v. 2Fratnce, 2tee 2 ougrt 2rugled 2
teatt 2teere 2eatd 2byeen 2no 2vgolattion 2of 2atrt. 2 2ats 2at 2resuglt 2of 2atbyortion. 2Tee 2term 2‘atbysolugtel 2
necessatr ’ 2meatns 2teatt 2at 2strgcter 2test 2mugst 2bye 2emrlo ed 2from 2tee 2one 2teatt 2gs 2normatll 2
atrrlgcatbyle. 2

Article 3- Prohibition of Torture
Article 2 2contatgns 2ugnuugatlgied 2atnd 2non-derohatbyle 2nehattive 2or 2rroegbygtive 2or 2gmrerattives, 2
from 2wegce 2rghets 2mat 2bye 2dergved. 2In 2order 2to 2fatll 2ugnder 2atrt. 2 , 2teere 2eats 2to 2bye 2at 2sergougs 2
tereseold, 2wegce 2mat 2derend 2on 2sugbyjective 2atnddor 2context-srecgic 2fatctors. 2Art. 2 2atlso 2
henerattes 2rosgtive 2statte 2obylghattions. 2Dehratdgnh 2treattment 2or 2rugngsement 2gs 2teatt 2wegce 2
eugmglgattes, 2seows 2at 2latck 2of 2resrect 2for 2dghngt , 2atrougses 2feelgnhs 2of 2featr, 2etc. 2Ineugmatn 2
treattment 2or 2rugngsement 2gs 2tee 2gnfgction 2of 2dehratdgnh 2treattment 2or 2rugngsement, 2wegce 2gs 2
not 2necessatrgl 2gntentionatl, 2wegce 2catugses 2egteer 2atctugatl 2byodgl 2gnjugr 2or 2gntense 2
re sgcatldmentatl 2sugfergnh 2atbyove 2at 2certatgn 2tereseold 2atnd 2sugstatgned 2for 2consgderatbyle 2rergods. 2
Tortugre 2gs 2delgbyeratte, 2rugrrosgve 2atnd 2rrolonhed 2gneugmatn 2treattment 2teatt 2catugses 2ver 2sergougs 2
atnd 2crugel 2re sgcatl 2atnddor 2mentatl 2sugfergnh. 2Tee 2rghets 2of 2atrt. 2 2atre 2atbysolugte 2rghets, 2so 2teatt 2
wougld 2meatn 2teatt 2teere 2atre 2no 2excertions. 2However, 2tegs 2gs 2not 2entirel 2truge 2for 2two 2reatsons. 2
Fgrst, 2tee 2rroegbygted 2condugct 2catn 2bye 2relattive 2to 2cgrcugmstatnce 2atnd 2rrorortionatlgt 2gs 2
sometimes 2ugsed 2to 2determgne 2weeteer 2or 2not 2at 2tereseold 2eats 2byeen 2crossed. 2Second, 2weere 2
two 2gnstatnces 2of 2tee 2satme 2atrt. 2 2rghet 2atre 2gn 2confgct, 2one 2mugst 2bye 2atn 2excertion 2to 2tee 2oteer. 2

Article 4- Prohibition of Slavery and Forced Labour
Article 2 2eats 2heneratted 2ver 2lgtle 2catse 2latw. 2Slatver 2gs 2deined 2gn 2tee 2UN 2Slatver 2 onvention 2
of 219 6 2ats 2‘tee 2stattugs 2or 2condgtion 2of 2at 2rerson 2over 2weom 2atn 2or 2atll 2of 2tee 2rowers 2attatcegnh 2
to 2tee 2rghet 2of 2ownersegr 2atre 2exercgsed’. 2Forced 2or 2comruglsor 2latbyougr 2gs 2deined 2gn 2tee 2
Internattionatl 2Latbyougr 2Orhatngsattion’s 2Forced 2Latbyougr 2 onvention 2of 219 4 2ats 2‘atll 2work 2or 2servgce
wegce 2gs 2exatcted 2from 2atn 2rerson 2ugnder 2tee 2menatce 2of 2atn 2renatlt 2atnd 2for 2wegce 2tee 2satgd 2
rerson 2eats 2not 2ofered 2egmself 2volugntatrgl ’. 2Stattes 2atlso 2eatve 2rosgtive 2obylghattions 2ugnder 2atrt. 2 2
wgteougt 2atssugmgnh 2atn 2gmrossgbyle 2or 2dgsrrorortionatte 2byugrden 2weere 2tee 2atre 2or 2oughet 2to 2eatve
byeen 2atwatre 2of 2cgrcugmstatnces 2hgvgnh 2rgse 2to 2credgbyle 2sugsrgcgons 2teatt 2at 2srecgic 2rerson 2wats 2
byegnh 2or 2wats 2att 2reatl 2rgsk 2of 2byegnh 2sugbyjected 2to 2tee 2rroegbygted 2condugct, 2to 2condugct 2efective 2
gnvestihattions 2atnd 2atdeuugattel 2to 2rugngse 2ofenders. 2

, Gijselaar- Positieve verplichtingen om feitelijke
maatregelen te nemen: voldoet het Nederlandse
aansprakelijkheidsrecht?
Introductie
Het 2CHRM 2eeef 2verrlgcetinhen 2voor 2de 2Statatt 2gn 2eet 2leven 2heroeren 2om 2atfdwgnhbyatre 2en 2
efectieve 2wethevgnh 2gn 2te 2voeren, 2fegtelgjke 2matattrehelen 2te 2nemen 2en 2ondereoek 2uggt 2te 2
voeren. 2De 2rosgtieve 2verrlgcetinh 2om 2fegtelgjke 2matattrehelen 2te 2nemen 2eget 2or 2eet 2
voorkomen, 2byererken 2of 2byeëgndghen 2vatn 2gnbyreugken 2or 2mensenreceten. 2 ertrekrugnt 2vatn 2de 2
Nederlatndse 2receter 2lgjkt 2te 2egjn 2datt 2eet 2heldende 2recetss steem 2voldoende 2watatrbyorhen 2
egertoe 2bygedt, 2matatr 2gs 2datt 2terecet?

Vaststelling van de positieve verplichting om feitelijke maatregelen
te nemen door het EHRM
Het 2CHRM 2byenatdert 2de 2vratath 2of 2er 2een 2rosgtieve 2verrlgcetinh 2om 2fegtelgjke 2matattrehelen 2te 2
nemen 2byestatatt 2or 2verscegllende 2matngeren. 2Meestatl 2wordt 2er 2een 2fatgr 2byatlatnce-test 2
heeatnteerd 2om 2te 2byeratlen 2of 2er 2uggt 2een 2C RM-recet 2een 2rosgtieve 2verrlgcetinh 2vatn 2de 2
overeegd 2voortvloegt. 2De 2fatgr 2byatlatnce-test 2byestatatt 2uggt 2twee 2fatsen; 2gn 2de 2eerste 2fatsen 2stelt 2eet 2
CHRM 2vatst 2welke 2byelatnhen 2srelen, 2gn 2de 2tweede 2fatsen 2wordt 2byeoordeeld 2of 2or 2nattionatatl 2
ngveatug 2een 2redelgjke 2atfwehgnh 2gs 2hematatkt 2tugssen 2dge 2byelatnhen. 2Als 2er 2heen 2fatgr 2byatlatnce 2gs, 2
eeef 2de 2Statatt 2nget 2voldatatn 2atatn 2egjn 2verrlgcetinh 2vatn 2eet 2C RM 2en 2gs 2er 2dugs 2een 2
verdrathssceendgnh. 2 oor 2de 2tweede 2fatse 2srelen 2een 2rol; 2eet 2byestatatn 2vatn 2rehelhevgnh, 2de 2
mohelgjkeegd 2tot 2eet 2nemen 2vatn 2rreventieve 2matattrehelen. 2Het 2CHRM 2hatatt 2nat 2of 2er 2
reatsonatbyle 2atnd 2atrrrorrgatte 2meatsugres 2egjn 2henomen. 2Hgerbygj 2kugnnen 2byeeatlve 2de 2byelatnhen 2
vatn 2de 2Statatt 2ook 2economgscee 2en 2atndere 2atlhemene 2byelatnhen 2gn 2atcet 2worden 2henomen. 2In 2
een 2atatntatl 2hevatllen 2eeef 2eet 2CHRM 2voor 2een 2tweeledghe 2atatnratk 2hekoeen. 2Het 2CHRM 2stelt 2
datn 2eerst 2vatst 2watt 2de 2regkwgjdte 2vatn 2eet 2C RM 2gs 2en 2of 2er 2een 2rosgtieve 2verrlgcetinh 2byestatatt, 2
datatrnat 2wordt 2er 2hekeken 2natatr 2de 2vratath 2of 2nget-natlevgnh 2vatn 2deee 2rosgtieve 2verrlgcetinh 2
herecetvatatrdghd 2katn 2worden 2door 2atrt. 28 2lgd 2 2C RM. 2Als 2latattste 2eatnteert 2eet 2CHRM 2een 2
byenatdergnh 2watatrgn 2eet 2eerst 2vatststelt 2of 2uggt 2eet 2C RM 2een 2atlhemene 2rosgtieve 2verrlgcetinh 2
katn 2worden 2atfhelegd 2om 2matattrehelen 2te 2nemen 2om 2eet 2recet 2or 2leven 2te 2byesceermen, 2
datatrnat 2wordt 2er 2door 2eet 2Osmatn-crgtergugm 2byeratatld 2of 2de 2Statatt 2atatn 2dge 2verrlgcetinh 2eeef 2
voldatatn 2en 2of 2eet 2natlatten 2om 2fegtelgjke 2matattrehelen 2te 2trefen 2legdt 2tot 2een 2
verdrathssceendgnh. 2Het 2Osmatn-crgtergugm 2veregst 2atllereerst 2datt 2de 2atugtorgtegten 2kenngs 2
eebybyen 2of 2eatdden 2byeeoren 2te 2eebybyen 2vatn 2de 2rgsgcovolle 2sgtugattie 2en 2of 2de 2sgtugattie 2een 2reëel 2
(matte 2vatn 2watatrscegjnlgjkeegd) 2en 2onmgddellgjk 2(matte 2vatn 2atfwendbyatatreegd 2vatn 2eet 2gntreden 2
vatn 2eet 2rgsgco) 2rgsgco 2vormen 2voor 2één 2of 2meer 2srecgieke 2gndgvgdugen. 2Ugtegndelgjk 2komen 2atlle 2
atatnratkken 2neer 2or 2eet 2matken 2vatn 2een 2byelatnhenatfwehgnh. 2

De invulling van de zorgvuldigheidsnorm door de Nederlandse
rechter
Als 2er 2heen 2duggdelgjk 2wetelgjk 2katder 2met 2srecgiek 2heformugleerde 2hedrathsnormen 2
vooreatnden 2gs, 2wordt 2er 2byeoordeeld 2of 2er 2srratke 2gs 2vatn 2een 2natlatten 2gn 2strgjd 2met 2eetheen 2
volhens 2onhescereven 2recet 2gn 2eet 2matattsceatrrelgjk 2verkeer 2byetatatmt. 2Als 2matattstatf 2heldt 2datn 2
of 2de 2overeegd 2gn 2de 2heheven 2omstatndgheeden 2voldoende 2eorh 2eeef 2byetratcet 2om 2de 2sceatde 2
te 2voorkomen, 2eet 2hatatt 2dugs 2om 2een 2toetsgnh 2ex 2rost. 2De 2receter 2ratst 2een 2
eorhvugldgheegdsnorm 2toe 2dge 2vertelt 2eoe 2de 2atatnsrratkelgjke 2rersoon 2eatd 2moeten 2eatndelen. 2In

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