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samenvatting recht voor welzijnswerkers SRW1
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InhoudH1: BRONNEN EN BEGINSELEN VAN RECHT………………………………………………………….1
1. ONTSTAAN EN ONTWIKKELING VAN HET RECHT .................................................................. 5
2. WAT IS RECHT? DEFINITIE RECHT ........................................................................................... 5
3. BRONNEN VAN HET RECHT ...................................................................................................... 6
3.1. INTERNATIONALE VERDRAGEN ............................................................................................... 6
3.2. GRONDWET................................................................................................................................. 7
3.3. WETTEN - DECRETEN - ORDONNANTIES - BESLUITEN ........................................................ 7
3.3. RECHTSPRAAK ........................................................................................................................... 8
3.4. RECHTSLEER .............................................................................................................................. 8
3.5. ALGEMENE RECHTSBEGINSELEN ........................................................................................... 9
3.6. BILLIJKHEID ................................................................................................................................. 9
4. INDELING VAN HET RECHT PUBLIEK VS PRIVAAT ................................................................. 9
H2: RECHTSBEDELING ........................................................................................................................ 12
1. SITUERING…………………………………………………………………………………….............8
2. WAAR IK TERECHT KAN VOOR RECHTSHULP………………………………………………….8
2.1. ADVOCATUUR ........................................................................................................................... 12
2.2. OCMW ........................................................................................................................................ 13
2.3. VAKBONDEN (ACV, ABVV, ACLVB).......................................................................................... 13
2.4. MUTUALITEIT ............................................................................................................................ 13
2.5. VERBRUIKERSORGANISATIE ................................................................................................. 14
2.6. WETSWINKELS EN HUURDERSBONDEN .............................................................................. 14
2.7. KINDERRECHTSWINKELS - tZitemZo ...................................................................................... 14
3. ALTERNATIEVE GESCHILLENREGELING .............................................................................. 14
3.2. ONDERHANDELEN ................................................................................................................... 14
3.3. VERZOENING VOOR VREDERECHTER ................................................................................. 15
3.4. OMBUDSDIENSTEN .................................................................................................................. 15
3.5. GESCHILLENCOMMISSIES EN ARBITRAGE .......................................................................... 15
3.6. BEMIDDELING ........................................................................................................................... 15
4. GESCHILLENREGELING VOOR DE RECHTBANK ................................................................. 18
4.1. SITUERING……………………………………………………………………………………………14
4.1.1. STRUCTUUR VAN DE RECHTBANKEN EN HOVEN ............................................................... 18
4.1.1.1 NATIONALE RECHTBANKEN………………………………………………………………………14
4.1.1.2 INTERNATIONALE RECHTBANKEN BENELUX GERECHTSHOF .......................................... 27
4.1.2. GERECHTELIJKE PROCEDURE - PRIVAAT RECHTELIJKE PROCEDURE .......................... 28
H3: MENSENRECHTEN / GRONDRECHTEN ...................................................................................... 33
1. WAT ZIJN MENSENRECHTEN?............................................................................................... 29
1.1. DEFINITIE MENSENRECHTEN / GRONDRECHTEN……………………………………………29
1.2. VIER CATEGORIEËN VAN MENSENRECHTEN ...................................................................... 33
2. BASISBEGRIPPEN .................................................................................................................... 35
2.1. DIRECTE WERKING………………………………………………………………………………….31
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,2.2. STAND-STILL OF “NIET ACHTERUITGANGSVERPLICHTING” .............................................. 35
2.3. HORIZONTALE EN VERTICALE WERKING ............................................................................. 36
2.4. ABSOLUTE EN RELATIEVE RECHTEN.................................................................................... 36
2.5. VOORBEHOUD EN INTERPRETATIEVE VERKLARING ......................................................... 37
3. BRONNEN VAN MENSENRECHTEN........................................................................................ 37
3.1. OVERZICHT VAN BRONNEN VAN MENSENRECHTEN……………………………………….33
3.2. BESPREKING VAN BELANGRIJKE BRONNEN VAN MENSENRECHTEN ............................. 37
5. AFDWINGBAARHEID VAN MENSENRECHTEN ...................................................................... 42
5.1. AFDWINGBAARHEID MENSENRECHTEN VOOR BELGISCHE RECHTER........................... 42
5.2. AFDWINGBAARHEID MENSENRECHTEN VOOR INTERNATIONALE RECHTBANKEN ...... 43
5.3. BUITENGERECHTELIJK TOEZICHT: NALEVING VAN MENSENRECHTENVERDRAGEN ... 44
5.5. LEGISTIEKE BENADERING ...................................................................................................... 45
6. MENSENRECHTEN EN SDG’S ................................................................................................. 45
H4: KINDERRECHTEN………………………………………………………………………………………..41
1. INLEIDING .................................................................................................................................. 45
2. HET VERDRAG INZAKE DE RECHTEN VAN HET KIND (VRK) .............................................. 46
2.2. OPBOUW.................................................................................................................................... 46
2.3. BASISBEGINSELEN .................................................................................................................. 46
2.4. THEMATISCHE INDELING ........................................................................................................ 47
2.5. TOEZICHT EN KLACHTENPROCEDURE................................................................................. 47
3. ANDERE BRONNEN VAN KINDERRECHTEN ......................................................................... 48
3.2. NATIONALE EN REGIONALE WETGEVING ............................................................................ 48
4. KINDERRECHTENACTOREN ................................................................................................... 48
H5: AANSPRAKELIJKHEID .................................................................................................................. 50
1. SITUERING ................................................................................................................................ 50
2. PERSOONLIJKE AANSPRAKELIJKHEID VOOR ONRECHTMATIGE DAAD .......................... 51
2.1 JURIDISCHE BASIS ................................................................................................................... 51
2.2 BESTANDDELEN PERSOONLIJKE AANSPRAKELIJKHEID ................................................... 51
3. KWALITATIEVE AANSPRAKELIJKHEID VOOR ONRECHTMATIGE DAAD…………………51
3.1. VOOR PERSONEN WAARVOOR MEN INSTAAT ..................................................................... 55
3.2. VOOR ZAKEN EN DIEREN DIE MEN ONDER ZICH HEEFT ................................................... 60
4. AANSPRAKELIJKHEIDSVERZEKERINGEN ............................................................................ 60
H5: MINDERJARIGHEID ....................................................................................................................... 62
1. BEGRIPPEN ....................................................................................................................................... 62
1.1. NATUURLIJK OF FYSIEK PERSOON - RECHTSPERSOON…………………………………..58
1.2. RECHTSHANDELING - RECHTSFEIT ...................................................................................... 62
1.3. RECHTSBEKWAAMHEID - HANDELINGSBEKWAAMHEID - PROCESBEKWAAMHEID ...... 62
2. BURGERRECHTELIJKE RECHTSPOSITIE .............................................................................. 63
2.1. PRINCIPIËLE HANDELINGSONBEKWAAMHEID MJ MINDERJARIGEN ................................ 63
2.1.1. HANDELINGEN DIE ZELFSTANDIG KAN STELLEN................................................................ 63
2.1.2. HANDELINGEN DIE MINDERJARIGE KAN STELLEN BEHOUDENS VERZET……………..62
2.1.3. HANDELINGEN DIE MINDERJARIGE KAN STELLEN MITS TOESTEMMING........................ 66
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,2.1.4. HANDELINGEN DIE MINDERJARIGE KAN STELLEN MITS BIJSTAND ................................. 66
2.2. BIJZONDERE SITUATIES.......................................................................................................... 67
2.2.1. MINDERJARIGEN EN SEKSUALITEIT…………………………………………………………….63
2.2.2. ANDERE BIJZONDERE SITUATIES.......................................................................................... 68
2.3. NIETIGHEID ............................................................................................................................... 68
3. PROCESRECHTELIJKE RECHTSPOSITIE .............................................................................. 69
3.1. PRINCIPIËLE PROCESONBEKWAAMHEID MJ………………………………………………….65
3.2. UITZONDERING: PROCESONBEKWAAMHEID ...................................................................... 70
3.2.2. PERSOONLIJKE- EN GRONDRECHTEN ................................................................................. 70
3.2.3. JEUGDBESCHERMING ............................................................................................................. 70
3.2.4. RECHT OM GEHOORD TE WORDEN ...................................................................................... 70
3.3. JURIDISCHE BIJSTAND ............................................................................................................ 71
4. ONTVOOGDING ........................................................................................................................ 71
4.1. WAT IS ONTVOOGDING…………………………………………………………………………….67
4.2. PROCEDURE ............................................................................................................................. 72
4.3. GEVOLGEN VAN ONTVOOGDING ........................................................................................... 73
4.3.1. GEVOLGEN TEN AANZIEN VAN DE PERSOON………………………………………………...69
4.3.2. GEVOLGEN TEN AANZIEN VAN VERMOGEN (= GOEDEREN) ............................................. 73
4.5. NIETIGVERKLARING RECHTSHANDELINGEN ...................................................................... 74
4.6. INTREKKING ONTVOOGDING ................................................................................................. 74
H6: OUDERLIJKE RECHTEN EN PLICHTEN - VOOGDIJ................................................................... 75
1. OUDERLIJKE RECHTEN EN PLICHTEN………………………………………………………...71
1.1. OUDERLIJK GEZAG .................................................................................................................. 75
1.1.1. TITULARIS EN UITOEFENING OUDERLIJK GEZAG……………………………………………71
1.1.2. ELEMENTEN VAN OUDERLIJK GEZAG................................................................................... 79
1.2. OUDERLIJKE PLICHTEN .......................................................................................................... 82
1.2.1. PLICHT TOT VERGOEDING SCHADE DOOR ONRECHTMATIGE DAAD…………………...78
1.2.2. PLICHT TOT EERBIED VOOR HET KIND................................................................................. 82
2. VOOGDIJ .................................................................................................................................... 86
2.1. OPENVALLEN VOOGDIJ……………………………………………………………………………82
2.2. ACTOREN VOOGDIJ ................................................................................................................. 86
2.2.1. VREDERECHTER ...................................................................................................................... 86
2.2.2. VOOGD....................................................................................................................................... 86
2.3. TAKEN VAN VOOGD ................................................................................................................. 87
2.4. TOEZIENDE VOOGDIJ .............................................................................................................. 87
2.5. VOOGDIJGEZAG ....................................................................................................................... 87
2.6. WAARBORGEN VOOGDIJ ........................................................................................................ 87
2.7. CONTROLE OP VOOGDIJ ........................................................................................................ 88
2.8 BETWISTING (TOEZIENDE) VOOGD MJ ................................................................................. 88
2.9. EINDE VOOGDIJ ........................................................................................................................ 88
H7: OMGAAN MET VERTROUWELIJKE INFORMATIE ...................................................................... 89
1. SITUERING……………………………………………………………………………………………..85
1.1. BESCHERMING PERSOONLIJKE LEVENSSFEER-VERWERKING PERSOONSGEGEVENS89
1.2. DISCRETIEPLICHT - AMBTSGEHEIM ...................................................................................... 91
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, 1.3 BEROEPSGEHEIM .................................................................................................................... 92
2. BEROEPSGEHEIM .................................................................................................................... 93
2.1. TOEPASSINGSGEBIED……………………………………………………………………………..89
2.1.1. PERSONEEL (OP WIE VAN TOEPASSING?) ........................................................................... 93
2.2. SCHENDING VAN HET BEROEPSGEHEIM ............................................................................. 95
2.3. TOELATING OM TE SPREKEN ................................................................................................. 98
2.3.1. SPREEKRECHT GETUIGENIS IN RECHTE ............................................................................. 98
2.3.2. SPREEKPLICHT ...................................................................................................................... 102
2.3.2.1 WETTELIJKE VERPLICHTING ................................................................................................ 102
2.3.2.2 SCHULDIG HULPVERZUIM .................................................................................................... 103
2.4. SANCTIES ................................................................................................................................ 104
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