HOSA Nutrition Test answers
1. Macronutrients: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins & water
2. Main function & caloric intake of Carbohydrates: energy, 4 Kilocalories,
50-60% of daily caloric intake
3. Main function & caloric intake of Lipids: storage of energy; 9Kcal; less than 30
% of daily caloric intake
4. Main function & caloric intake of Protein: structure; 4Kcal; or 15-25% of daily
caloric intake
5. 3 main catagories of carbohydrates: monosaccharides, disaccharides, poly-
saccharides
6. Monosaccharide: simplest: glucose, fructose, galactose
7. Disaccharide: sucrose, maltose, lactose & lactulose
8. Polysaccharide: starch, glycogen, soluble & insoluble
9. Fiber is subdivided into: soluble & insoluble
10. RDA for fibers is: 25-35 per day
11. Soluble fiber: helps to reduce blood cholesterol levels
12. Insoluble fiber: is important for colon health
13. 4 disorders of carbohydrate metabolism: galactosemia, primary lactase de-
ficiency, lactose intolerance, sucrase deficiency
14. Galatosemia: inherited, early onset, accumulation of galatose in blood, severe
symptoms = failure to thrive
15. Primary lactase deficiency: body cannot digest lactose, GI symptoms, early
onset
16. Lactose intolerance: later onset, varied severity, various causes: inheritance,
increased antibiotic use
17. Sucrase deficiency: similar to lactase deficiency:body cannot digest sucrase,
GI symptoms, early onset
18. Functions of Carbohydrates: primary energy source for energy; balance pro-
tein & fat metabolism; fiber: important for bowel fx, waste elimination & blood sugar
control; liver detox
19. Amino acids: the basic building blocks for proteins
20. Proteins are subdivided into: essential & nonessential
21. Urea/Ammonia: the main waste product produced by protein metabolism
22. Dietary sources of protein: complete: animal based; incomplete: plant based
23. Complete & incomplete protein forms: are based upon the range of amino
acids present
24. Disorders of protein: Celiac disease & Milk protein allergy
25. 2 types of protein malnutrition: Maramus; Kwashiorkor disease
26. Maramus: "starvation"; both protein & calorie deficiency
27. Kwashiorkor Disease: protein deficiency with appropriate caloric intake
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, HOSA Nutrition Test answers
28. Functions of amino acids: tissue repair; immune system support; neurotrans-
mitter support; growth; osmotic balance; pH balance
29. Fats: should comprise no more than 30% of daily caloric intake
30. Fatty acids are named based on: number of carbohydrates, degree of satura-
tion & location of the first double bond
31. Saturated fats: have no double bonds
32. Saturated fats come from: animal sources
33. Mono-unsaturated Fats: have one double bond
34. Poly-unsaturated Fats: have many double bonds
35. Mono & Poly-unsaturated Fats: come from plant sources
36. 2 groups of essential fatty acids: omega 6 (linoleic acid); omega 3 (linolenic
acid)
37. Results of essential fatty acid deficiency: dermatitis & blood clotting
38. Trans-fats: the hydrogenation of unsaturated fats
39. Trans-fats promote: increased cholesterol; fatty liver
40. Function of fats: energy storage; protect & insulate organs; slow gastric emp-
tying
41. 2 major types of cholesterol: based on the density: HDL (high density lipids)
& LDL (low density lipids)
42. LDL (low density lipids): bad cholesterol because it transports cholesterol to
body cells
43. HDL (high density lipids): good cholesterol
44. Risk of heart disease increases: when good + bad cholesterol are over
5.2mmol/l
45. Total dietary cholesterol should not exceed: 300mg/day
46. Cholesterol: important in the formation of hormones, vitamin D & bile acids
47. Vitamin D: is formed in the skin
48. Factors affecting blood cholesterol: increased trans-fats & saturated fats;
decreased fiber & decreased exercise
49. 60% of body weight: is water
50. An adult requires: 2-3 liters of water per day
51. Fat soluble vitamins include: vitamins: A, D, E and K
52. Water soluble vitamins: B(s), C, folic acid, pantothemic, biotin
53. Fat soluble vitamins taken in high dosage: have the potential become toxic
because these vitamins are stored
54. Main anti-oxidant nutrients: vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin E and selinium
55. Function of vitamin C: antibody production, protein metabolism, collagen syn-
thesis/connective tissue, supports liver detox, wound healing, cancer prevention,
iron absorption in the GI tract
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1. Macronutrients: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins & water
2. Main function & caloric intake of Carbohydrates: energy, 4 Kilocalories,
50-60% of daily caloric intake
3. Main function & caloric intake of Lipids: storage of energy; 9Kcal; less than 30
% of daily caloric intake
4. Main function & caloric intake of Protein: structure; 4Kcal; or 15-25% of daily
caloric intake
5. 3 main catagories of carbohydrates: monosaccharides, disaccharides, poly-
saccharides
6. Monosaccharide: simplest: glucose, fructose, galactose
7. Disaccharide: sucrose, maltose, lactose & lactulose
8. Polysaccharide: starch, glycogen, soluble & insoluble
9. Fiber is subdivided into: soluble & insoluble
10. RDA for fibers is: 25-35 per day
11. Soluble fiber: helps to reduce blood cholesterol levels
12. Insoluble fiber: is important for colon health
13. 4 disorders of carbohydrate metabolism: galactosemia, primary lactase de-
ficiency, lactose intolerance, sucrase deficiency
14. Galatosemia: inherited, early onset, accumulation of galatose in blood, severe
symptoms = failure to thrive
15. Primary lactase deficiency: body cannot digest lactose, GI symptoms, early
onset
16. Lactose intolerance: later onset, varied severity, various causes: inheritance,
increased antibiotic use
17. Sucrase deficiency: similar to lactase deficiency:body cannot digest sucrase,
GI symptoms, early onset
18. Functions of Carbohydrates: primary energy source for energy; balance pro-
tein & fat metabolism; fiber: important for bowel fx, waste elimination & blood sugar
control; liver detox
19. Amino acids: the basic building blocks for proteins
20. Proteins are subdivided into: essential & nonessential
21. Urea/Ammonia: the main waste product produced by protein metabolism
22. Dietary sources of protein: complete: animal based; incomplete: plant based
23. Complete & incomplete protein forms: are based upon the range of amino
acids present
24. Disorders of protein: Celiac disease & Milk protein allergy
25. 2 types of protein malnutrition: Maramus; Kwashiorkor disease
26. Maramus: "starvation"; both protein & calorie deficiency
27. Kwashiorkor Disease: protein deficiency with appropriate caloric intake
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, HOSA Nutrition Test answers
28. Functions of amino acids: tissue repair; immune system support; neurotrans-
mitter support; growth; osmotic balance; pH balance
29. Fats: should comprise no more than 30% of daily caloric intake
30. Fatty acids are named based on: number of carbohydrates, degree of satura-
tion & location of the first double bond
31. Saturated fats: have no double bonds
32. Saturated fats come from: animal sources
33. Mono-unsaturated Fats: have one double bond
34. Poly-unsaturated Fats: have many double bonds
35. Mono & Poly-unsaturated Fats: come from plant sources
36. 2 groups of essential fatty acids: omega 6 (linoleic acid); omega 3 (linolenic
acid)
37. Results of essential fatty acid deficiency: dermatitis & blood clotting
38. Trans-fats: the hydrogenation of unsaturated fats
39. Trans-fats promote: increased cholesterol; fatty liver
40. Function of fats: energy storage; protect & insulate organs; slow gastric emp-
tying
41. 2 major types of cholesterol: based on the density: HDL (high density lipids)
& LDL (low density lipids)
42. LDL (low density lipids): bad cholesterol because it transports cholesterol to
body cells
43. HDL (high density lipids): good cholesterol
44. Risk of heart disease increases: when good + bad cholesterol are over
5.2mmol/l
45. Total dietary cholesterol should not exceed: 300mg/day
46. Cholesterol: important in the formation of hormones, vitamin D & bile acids
47. Vitamin D: is formed in the skin
48. Factors affecting blood cholesterol: increased trans-fats & saturated fats;
decreased fiber & decreased exercise
49. 60% of body weight: is water
50. An adult requires: 2-3 liters of water per day
51. Fat soluble vitamins include: vitamins: A, D, E and K
52. Water soluble vitamins: B(s), C, folic acid, pantothemic, biotin
53. Fat soluble vitamins taken in high dosage: have the potential become toxic
because these vitamins are stored
54. Main anti-oxidant nutrients: vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin E and selinium
55. Function of vitamin C: antibody production, protein metabolism, collagen syn-
thesis/connective tissue, supports liver detox, wound healing, cancer prevention,
iron absorption in the GI tract
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