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Samenvatting Gezondheid en maatschappij I - medische antropologie deel 2
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Samenvatting medische antropologie deel 2 onderdeel van gezondheid en maatschappij I.
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DAG 2Arts antropoloog?
- Globalisering leidt tot diversiteit
- Cultuur + context + sociale achtergrond -> beinvloeden gezondheid
- Cultureel bewustzijn (awareness) en reflexiviteit zijn cruciaal bij HV
Impact v globalisering op gezondheid
1. Menselijke demografie en gedragspatronen
2. Ecologisch-economische veranderingen
3. Internationaal verkeer en handel
4. Technologie en industrie
Wat is medische antropologie
- Onderzoekt factoren die invloed hebben op: gezondheid en welzijn
o Culturele concepten
o Sociale invloed
o Maatschappelijke invloeden
o Biologische factoren
- Gezondheids-gerelateerde beliefs en praktijken -> w gevormd door sociale en culturele
systemen en contexten
- Ziekte is een sociale gebeurtenis -> w herkenbaar gemaakt op aangeleerde wijze -> klachten
en symptomen zijn communicatie
o Ziekte moet zich aan culturele regels houden -> anders kans op gn sympatie/steun
- Dominante concepten ve cultuur -> keren terug in ziekteverklaringen
Agency: wat willen mensen? Wat doen ze? Hoe gaan ze om met wat er gebeurt in hun leven?
Structure: structurele factoren (vaak maatschappelijk) die de agency bepalen, dus keuzen mogelijk
maken of beperken
Psychologische agency: kwaliteit waardoor men zichzelf als autonoom en zelfbepalend individu kan
voelen en zien -> om zo te handelen -> mens intelligent handelend wezen (generieke competenties)
Sociologische agency: invloed v context op agency; autonomie & agency ve individu w
gedetermineerd door sociale relaties en omgeving
Agency vs coping: selfmastery = persoonlijk gevoel v controle in omgaan moeilijke
levensgebeurtenissen -> coping w gefaciliteerd door gevoel v persoonlijke controle en agency
Dualisme v structure en agency
, STRUCTURAL VIOLENCE:
= Beschrijft sociale structuren die ervoor zorgen dat bepaalde groep mensen in samenleving w
benadeeld/geschaad
- Structureel: ingebedde structuren en gewoontes in politieke en economische organisatie v
onze samenlving
- Violence: w schade aan persoon gebracht
- Vermijdbare beperking v menselijke mogelijkheiden/ noden, die mate waarin iemand in staat
w gesteld om zijn kansen optimaal te benutten beduidend verlagen
- Geeft verklaring v hoe structuren/ maatschappelijke keuzes ervoor kunnen zorgen dat
gezondheid minder is
- As with many other concepts, structural violence has its limitations [19]. Nevertheless, we
seek to apply the concept to what remain the primary tasks of clinical medicine: preventing
premature death and disability and improving the lives of those we care for. Using the
concept of structural violence, we intend to begin, or revive, discussions about social forces
beyond the control of our patients.
Critical medical antropology (CMA)
- 7 concepten
1. Health:
Access to and control over basic material and non-material resources that sustain and promote life at
a high level of satisfaction
2. Disease
Both biological and social -> meant to discover the relationship between biological and social roots of
the disease; identifying social determinants; Who and what is responsible for population patterns of
disease, health, wellbeing, as manifested in present, past, and changing social inequalities of health
3. Syndemics
A critique of practice of treating disease as isolated and distinct entities -> independent of social
context => refers to 2 or more epidemics and how they interact synergistically inside human bodies,
contributing to an excessive burden of disease in a given group of people
4. Suff erer experience
CMA focusses on this + also not losing sight of macrosocial processes => the way people live through
sickness depends on socially contructed meanings and political and economic forces in daily life
5. Medicalization
Describes the process of rapid expansion of scientific medicine into various walks of human life
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