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Samenvatting Anatomie en fysiologie van het urinair stelsel
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Anatomie en fysiologie van het urinair stelsel
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ANATOMIE & FYSIOLOGIE VANHET
URINAIR STELSEL
INLEIDING
OVERZICHT URINAIR STELSEL MAN-VROUW
FUNCTIES VH URINAIR STELSEL
Verwijderen (= excretie) vn organische afvalstoffen uit lichaamsvloeistoffen
ureum = afbraakproduct vn eiwitten
urinezuur = afbraakproduct vn DNA
urobiline = gele kleur = afbraakproduct vn hemoglobine
creatinine = afbraakproduct vn spierweefsel
Lozen vn deze afvalstoffen (= eliminatie)
Homeostatische regeling vn volume & concentratie opgeloste stoffen ih bloedplasme
reguleren vn bloedvolume & BD
reguleren vn ionenconcentraties (Na⁺, K⁺, Cl⁻, …)
reguleren vn Ph vn bloed
RBC-gehalte door productie vn EPO
, ANATOMIE
NIEREN
LIGGING
Lumbaal & gelegen achter peritoneum
Rechternier ligt lager dan linkernier
vanwege de lever
(intra)peritoneale ruimte
= omgeven door peritoneum
bevat: spijsverteringsorganen (dunne & dikke darm, maag, lever, milt
Retroperitoneale ruimte
= achter peritoneum
bevat: nieren & bijnieren, stukken duodendum & dikke darm,
alvleesklier
Subperitoneale ruimte
= onder peritoneale ruimte
bevat: blaas, urethra, dikke darm, voortplantingsorganen
MACROSCOPISCHE BOUW
Boonvormig (± 12 x 5cm)
Ventraal bedekt met peritoneum & omgeven door vetkapsel
Bestaat uit: - nierkapsel = capsula
- schorslaag = cortex
- merglaag = medulla
piramiden met papillen
zuilen vn Bertin
- nierbekken = pyelon/pyelum
kleine nierkelken = calices minores
grote nierkelken = calices maiores
nierbekken = pyelon
- nierhilus met niervaten & ureter
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