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Samenvatting Anatomie en fysiologie van het ademhalingsstelsel
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Anatomie en fysiologie van het ademhalingsstelsel
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ANATOMIE & FYSIOLOGIE VANHET ADEMHALINGSSTELSEL
INLEIDING
DOEL VH ADEMHALINGSSTELSEL
Ademhaling = respiratie
voorziet bloed vn 0₂ & verwijdert CO₂
erop gericht om O₂- & CO₂-gehalte constant te houden
Constant houden gebeurt door: - intense uitwisseling vn seze gassen tss alveolaire lucht & bloed
= diffusie
- geregelde verversing vd alveolaire lucht langs luchtwegen mbv
ademhalingsspieren
= ventilatie
Samen met intacte circulatie garandeert dit een optimale voorziening vd weefsels met zuurstof
+ een efficiënte afvoer vn koolzuur
0₂-transportketen vd buitenlucht nr de cellen verloopt door:
(1) ventilatie: O₂ in buitenlucht O₂ in alveolaire lucht
(2) diffusie: O₂ in alveolaire lucht O₂ in longcapillairen (gebonden aan hemoglobine RBC)
(3) circulatoir transport: O₂ in arterieel bloed O₂ in weefselcapillairen
(4) interne respiratie: O₂ in weefselcapillairen O₂ in tussencelvocht & daarna id cellen
= celademhaling & nr mitochondriën
CO₂-transportketen vd cellen nr de buitenlucht verloopt door:
(1) interne respiratie: CO₂ in cellen CO₂ in tussencelvocht & daarna in plasma
= celademhaling (in weefselcapillairen)
(2) circulatoir transport: CO₂ in weefselcapillairen CO₂ in aders
(3) diffusie: CO₂ in longcapillairen CO₂ in alveolaire lucht
(4) ventilatie: CO₂ in alveolaire lucht CO₂ in buitenlucht
Ventilatie: - inspiratie: actief
- expiratie: passief
Diffusie: - O₂: alveool cappilair
- CO₂: capillair alveool
, OPDELING VH ADEMHALINGSSTELSEL OBV FUNCTIE
(1) organen vr geleiding vd lucht (= ventilatie):
- neusholte met neusbijholten
- keelholte = farynx bovenste luchtwegen
- strottenhoofd = larynx
- trachea = luchtpijp
- bronchi = luchtpijptakken onderste luchtwegen
- bronchioli = luchtpijptakjes
(2) organen vr gasuitwisseling (= diffusie):
- long met longlobjes
longtrechtertjes = longzakjes
longblaasjes
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