Summary
Samenvatting Voeding
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Dit is een samenvatting van het deel 'voeding' uit de cursus van Voeding voor moeder en kind 1
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VOEDING VOOR MOEDER & KINDVOEDING
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Inleidende begrippen................................................................................................................................................2
Definities................................................................................................................................................................3
Functies van voedingsstoffen................................................................................................................................3
Voedingswaarde van voedingsmiddelen..............................................................................................................3
Biobeschikbaarheid...............................................................................................................................................4
Energiebehoefte & energiebalans.........................................................................................................................4
Voedingsstoffen.........................................................................................................................................................5
Koolhydraten.........................................................................................................................................................5
Verteerbare koolhydraten.................................................................................................................................5
Niet-verteerbare koolhydraten.........................................................................................................................6
Vetten....................................................................................................................................................................7
Eiwitten..................................................................................................................................................................8
Water.....................................................................................................................................................................9
Vitamines...............................................................................................................................................................9
Vetoplosbare vitamines & wateroplosbare vitamines....................................................................................10
Vitamine A.......................................................................................................................................................10
Vitamine D.......................................................................................................................................................11
Vitamine E.......................................................................................................................................................11
Vitamine K.......................................................................................................................................................12
Vitamine B9 = foliumzuur................................................................................................................................12
Vitamine B12...................................................................................................................................................13
Vitamine C.......................................................................................................................................................13
Mineralen & spoorelementen.............................................................................................................................14
Calcium............................................................................................................................................................14
Zout.................................................................................................................................................................14
Ijzer..................................................................................................................................................................15
Jodium.............................................................................................................................................................15
Voedings- & bewegingsdriehoek............................................................................................................................16
De voedingsdriehoek...........................................................................................................................................16
Juiste balans voor gezondheid & milieu..........................................................................................................17
Indeling in zones..............................................................................................................................................17
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, De bewegingsdriehoek........................................................................................................................................18
Alternatieve voedingspatronen..............................................................................................................................19
Soorten vegetarisme...........................................................................................................................................19
Gezondheidsaspecten.........................................................................................................................................19
Specifieke voedingsaanbevelingen.....................................................................................................................20
Vleesvervangers..................................................................................................................................................20
Voeding tijdens de zwangerschap, postpartum & lactatie.....................................................................................21
Het belang van voeding voor & tijdens de zwangerschap..................................................................................21
Zwangerschapskwaaltjes.....................................................................................................................................21
Veilig voedsel tijdens de zwangerschap..............................................................................................................22
Specifieke voedingsbehoeften tijdens de zwangerschap...................................................................................22
Voedingsaanbevelingen tijdens arbeid & bevalling............................................................................................22
Voedingsaanbevelingen tijdens lactatie.............................................................................................................23
Voedingsaanbevelingen tijdens postpartum......................................................................................................23
Voeding van de zuigeling: introductie vaste voeding.............................................................................................23
Verloop................................................................................................................................................................24
Lepelvoeding vs baby-led weaning.....................................................................................................................24
Lepelvoeding...................................................................................................................................................25
Baby-led weaning............................................................................................................................................25
Verschil............................................................................................................................................................26
Specifieke voedingsbehoefte van een zuigeling.................................................................................................26
Praktische voedingsaanbevelingen voor een zuigeling.......................................................................................27
Groeicurves.........................................................................................................................................................28
Voeding van de zuigeling: samenstelling van kunstvoeding...................................................................................28
Voeding tijdens de 1e levensmaanden................................................................................................................29
Moedermelk als referentie.............................................................................................................................29
Kunstvoeding: definitie...................................................................................................................................29
Kunstvoeding ten opzichte van moedermelk.................................................................................................29
Wetgeving kunstvoeding.....................................................................................................................................30
Samenstelling..................................................................................................................................................31
Marketing........................................................................................................................................................31
Ingrediënten van kunstvoeding...........................................................................................................................31
Kunstvoeding: praktisch......................................................................................................................................32
INLEIDENDE BEGRIPPEN
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,Waarom is kennis over voeding belangrijk? moeder: - vruchtbaarheid
- verwikkeling tijdens zw & bevalling
- herstel na bevalling
kind: - groei
- aanleg hart- & vaatziekten
- programmering organen & lichaamsfuncties
- immuniteit
DEFINITIES
Voedingsstoffen/nutriënten: - macronutriënt: in grote hoeveelheden (gram)
- micronutriënten: in kleine hoeveelheden (mg/µg)
- essentiële voedingsstoffen: nt in lichaam aangemaakt; enkel via voeding !
- nt-essentiële voedingsstoffen: lichaam kan ze aanmaken
Non-nutriënten: - gn nutriënten & gn gekend nadelig effect
- bioactieve stoffen
Xeno-biotica: - gn nutriënten & potentieel toxisch vr mens
- natuurlijke toxines
Ruststofwisseling = energieverbruik tijdens de slaap
FUNCTIES VAN VOEDINGSSTOFFEN
7 voedingsstoffen: - koolhydraten
- mineralen
- eiwitten
- vitamines
- vetten
- voedingsvezels
- water
Regulerend/beschermend: - aminozuren
- eiwitten
- mineralen
- vitaminen
Energieleveranciers: - koolhydraten
- vetten
- proteïnen
- alcohol
Bouwstoffen: - mineralen
- vetten
- ijzer
- eiwitten
- vitaminen
VOEDINGSWAARDE VAN VOEDINGSMIDDELEN
3
, Nutriëntdensiteit = nutriëntdens in verhouding met caloriedens
fruit suiker
groenten zout
proteïnen energie (kcal)
voedingsvezels verzadigd vet
Moedermelk = voedingsmiddel dat alle nodige voedingsstoffen op dagelijkse basis bevat
Voedingsmatrix: toont gezondheidsvoordelen vn voedingsmiddel
bij effect vd voedingsstof
id interactie tss voedingscomponenten
BIOBESCHIKBAARHEID
ENERGIEBEHOEFTE & ENERGIEBALANS
E-opname = E-verbruik lichaamsgewicht blijft hetzelfde
E-opname > E-verbruik lichaamsgewicht stijgt
E-opname < E-verbruik lichaamsgewicht daalt
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