COKO Exam 2024 with 100% correct
answers
What muscles make up the Rotator Cuff Complex? - correct answer "SITS" Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus,
Teres Minor, Subscapularis
Stretch or partial damage of the ligaments, no displacement, and pain with abduction past 90 degrees. -
correct answer What are the signs and symptoms of 1st degree AC ( Acromion clavicular) Joint Sprain?
What are the signs and symptoms of 2nd degree AC Joint Sprain? - correct answer Rupture of
ligaments, clavicle shifted superiorly, and pain with compression of the clavicle and pain with passive
horizontal adduction (When the arm is abducted 90degrees and the bringing it in medially).
What are the signs and symptoms of 3rd degree AC Joint Sprain? - correct answer Rupture of many
ligaments, very painful
Explain the mechanisms of injury and signs/symptoms of Medial Epicondylitis - correct answer Medial
Epicondylitis (Also known as golfer's elbow) is a chronic injury that occurs from overuse of the forearm
flexors (Gripping). This is seen as repeated valgus stress to the elbow joint.
Symptoms: May be pain at the site and swelling and bruising.
Explain the mechanisms of injury and signs/symptoms of Lateral Epicondylitis - correct answer Lateral
Epicondylitis (also known as tennis elbow) is a chronic injury that occurs from overuse of forearm
extensors (gripping).
This is seen as repeated varus stress to the elbow joint.
Symptoms: May be pain at the site and swelling and bruising.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - correct answer A condition caused by compression of the median nerve in
the carpal tunnel and characterized especially by weakness, pain, and disturbances of sensation in the
hand and fingers.
Usually done by repetitive overuse or direct trauma.
,Symptoms:
Pain at night, relief with shaking hand.
Pain on the palmar side.
Grip & Pinch limited
May worsen when the wrist is fully extended of flexed with gripping.
What are the cardinal signs of inflammation? - correct answer Redness, Heat, Swelling, Pain, and Loss
of Function
What sort of diet may aid in pain reduction? - correct answer A ketogenic diet has anti-inflammatory
properties, thus decreases inflammation and reduces pain.
Which two joints make up the knee joint? - correct answer Tibiofemoral Joint & Patellofemoral Joint
Tommy comes into the clinic with a swollen knee and can't extend or flex his knee. He is unable to
weight bear or walk. He explains this happened when he was changing direction in soccer. What do
these clinical symptoms most likely represent? - correct answer ACL Tear
Christina comes into your clinic and complains that while she was playing volleyball she hurt her knee
while it was flexed she complains of "knee clicking/locking" and you notice she has limited ROM and has
tenderness in the knee joint line. What do these clinical symptoms most likely represent? - correct
answer Meniscal Tear
What is the function of adipose tissue? - correct answer provides reserve food fuel; insulates against
heat loss; supports and protects organs
What is blood made of? - correct answer plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the hip? - correct answer Answer:
Flexion/extension (Sagittal Plane), Adduction/Abduction (Frontal Plane), Internal/External Rotation
(Transverse)
,What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the knee? - correct answer Flexion/extension in
sagittal plane
What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the ankle? - correct answer Plantar flexion/
Dorsiflexion in the sagittal plane. Inversion & Eversion
What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the shoulder? - correct answer Answer:
Flexion/Extension (Sagittal plane), Abduction/Adduction (frontal plane), Internal/External Rotation
(Transverse plane).
What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the elbow? - correct answer Flexion/Extension
in sagittal plane
What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the spine? - correct answer Flexion/extension
(Sagittal plane), Lateral bending (Frontal), Rotation (Transverse)
What is joint stability determined by? - correct answer Geometry of articular surfaces, periarticular
passive tissues, periarticular muscles.
Where is red bone marrow found in the bone and what is its function? - correct answer Red bone
marrow is found in the Epiphysis region of the bone and it's the area that produces red blood cells (this
process is called hematopoiesis).
What are the pros and cons for taking Bisphosphonates for bone remodeling? - correct answer
Bisphosphonates are a class of drug that reduces bone loss. It is also proven to enhance bone density
and reduce fracture incident in women. However the cons are that if there is a prolonged use past 4
years, this will increase the risk of atypical fracture.
What key features of physical rehabilitation programs aim to optimize bone health? - correct answer
Cyclic loading with high strain rates and regular rest/recovery.
Does whole-body vibration have an effect on bone remodeling? - correct answer Answer: Whole body
vibration may be an effective strategy for young women to achieve peak bone mass and shave off
osteoporosis later on in life.
, What are two factors that affect a joints range of motion? - correct answer Elastic Modulus and Tensile
Strength.
The interaction of proteoglycans, collagen, and water in hyaline cartilage has what effect? - correct
answer Impart strength and resilience to cartilage.
A young lady comes into the clinic with intra-articular swelling in the knee region. You perform a deep-
knee test but the individual feels no pain. She explains she injured it when she was carrying a heavy box
and turned/twisted her knee. You also notice there is popping/clicking. What possible injury does she
have? - correct answer Meniscus tear
A patient has come into the clinic with CAD. Explain the routine assessment of exercise that should be
performed on this patient based on the guidelines for exercise testing by ACSM. - correct answer The
following should be monitored: HR, BP, Body weight (BW), symptoms or signs that they are undergoing
a change in clinical status (light headiness, dizziness, irregular pulse, etc.), ECG/HR surveillance (using
technology).
What is axial force? - correct answer Acting along the long axis of a structure.
What is compressive force? - correct answer force that tends to shorten or squeeze something,
decreasing its volume
What is tension force? - correct answer "pulling apart force" opposite of compressive
What is shear force? - correct answer force acting on a substance in a direction perpendicular to the
extension of the substance
When does an injury occur? - correct answer When the load exceeds a tissue's maximum tolerance.
When do cumulative trauma disorders occur? - correct answer When the injury results from repeated
loads with insufficient time to recover.
answers
What muscles make up the Rotator Cuff Complex? - correct answer "SITS" Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus,
Teres Minor, Subscapularis
Stretch or partial damage of the ligaments, no displacement, and pain with abduction past 90 degrees. -
correct answer What are the signs and symptoms of 1st degree AC ( Acromion clavicular) Joint Sprain?
What are the signs and symptoms of 2nd degree AC Joint Sprain? - correct answer Rupture of
ligaments, clavicle shifted superiorly, and pain with compression of the clavicle and pain with passive
horizontal adduction (When the arm is abducted 90degrees and the bringing it in medially).
What are the signs and symptoms of 3rd degree AC Joint Sprain? - correct answer Rupture of many
ligaments, very painful
Explain the mechanisms of injury and signs/symptoms of Medial Epicondylitis - correct answer Medial
Epicondylitis (Also known as golfer's elbow) is a chronic injury that occurs from overuse of the forearm
flexors (Gripping). This is seen as repeated valgus stress to the elbow joint.
Symptoms: May be pain at the site and swelling and bruising.
Explain the mechanisms of injury and signs/symptoms of Lateral Epicondylitis - correct answer Lateral
Epicondylitis (also known as tennis elbow) is a chronic injury that occurs from overuse of forearm
extensors (gripping).
This is seen as repeated varus stress to the elbow joint.
Symptoms: May be pain at the site and swelling and bruising.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - correct answer A condition caused by compression of the median nerve in
the carpal tunnel and characterized especially by weakness, pain, and disturbances of sensation in the
hand and fingers.
Usually done by repetitive overuse or direct trauma.
,Symptoms:
Pain at night, relief with shaking hand.
Pain on the palmar side.
Grip & Pinch limited
May worsen when the wrist is fully extended of flexed with gripping.
What are the cardinal signs of inflammation? - correct answer Redness, Heat, Swelling, Pain, and Loss
of Function
What sort of diet may aid in pain reduction? - correct answer A ketogenic diet has anti-inflammatory
properties, thus decreases inflammation and reduces pain.
Which two joints make up the knee joint? - correct answer Tibiofemoral Joint & Patellofemoral Joint
Tommy comes into the clinic with a swollen knee and can't extend or flex his knee. He is unable to
weight bear or walk. He explains this happened when he was changing direction in soccer. What do
these clinical symptoms most likely represent? - correct answer ACL Tear
Christina comes into your clinic and complains that while she was playing volleyball she hurt her knee
while it was flexed she complains of "knee clicking/locking" and you notice she has limited ROM and has
tenderness in the knee joint line. What do these clinical symptoms most likely represent? - correct
answer Meniscal Tear
What is the function of adipose tissue? - correct answer provides reserve food fuel; insulates against
heat loss; supports and protects organs
What is blood made of? - correct answer plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the hip? - correct answer Answer:
Flexion/extension (Sagittal Plane), Adduction/Abduction (Frontal Plane), Internal/External Rotation
(Transverse)
,What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the knee? - correct answer Flexion/extension in
sagittal plane
What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the ankle? - correct answer Plantar flexion/
Dorsiflexion in the sagittal plane. Inversion & Eversion
What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the shoulder? - correct answer Answer:
Flexion/Extension (Sagittal plane), Abduction/Adduction (frontal plane), Internal/External Rotation
(Transverse plane).
What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the elbow? - correct answer Flexion/Extension
in sagittal plane
What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the spine? - correct answer Flexion/extension
(Sagittal plane), Lateral bending (Frontal), Rotation (Transverse)
What is joint stability determined by? - correct answer Geometry of articular surfaces, periarticular
passive tissues, periarticular muscles.
Where is red bone marrow found in the bone and what is its function? - correct answer Red bone
marrow is found in the Epiphysis region of the bone and it's the area that produces red blood cells (this
process is called hematopoiesis).
What are the pros and cons for taking Bisphosphonates for bone remodeling? - correct answer
Bisphosphonates are a class of drug that reduces bone loss. It is also proven to enhance bone density
and reduce fracture incident in women. However the cons are that if there is a prolonged use past 4
years, this will increase the risk of atypical fracture.
What key features of physical rehabilitation programs aim to optimize bone health? - correct answer
Cyclic loading with high strain rates and regular rest/recovery.
Does whole-body vibration have an effect on bone remodeling? - correct answer Answer: Whole body
vibration may be an effective strategy for young women to achieve peak bone mass and shave off
osteoporosis later on in life.
, What are two factors that affect a joints range of motion? - correct answer Elastic Modulus and Tensile
Strength.
The interaction of proteoglycans, collagen, and water in hyaline cartilage has what effect? - correct
answer Impart strength and resilience to cartilage.
A young lady comes into the clinic with intra-articular swelling in the knee region. You perform a deep-
knee test but the individual feels no pain. She explains she injured it when she was carrying a heavy box
and turned/twisted her knee. You also notice there is popping/clicking. What possible injury does she
have? - correct answer Meniscus tear
A patient has come into the clinic with CAD. Explain the routine assessment of exercise that should be
performed on this patient based on the guidelines for exercise testing by ACSM. - correct answer The
following should be monitored: HR, BP, Body weight (BW), symptoms or signs that they are undergoing
a change in clinical status (light headiness, dizziness, irregular pulse, etc.), ECG/HR surveillance (using
technology).
What is axial force? - correct answer Acting along the long axis of a structure.
What is compressive force? - correct answer force that tends to shorten or squeeze something,
decreasing its volume
What is tension force? - correct answer "pulling apart force" opposite of compressive
What is shear force? - correct answer force acting on a substance in a direction perpendicular to the
extension of the substance
When does an injury occur? - correct answer When the load exceeds a tissue's maximum tolerance.
When do cumulative trauma disorders occur? - correct answer When the injury results from repeated
loads with insufficient time to recover.
