NBEO Part 1 exam 2024 with 100% correct answers

Conductive Keratoplasty. What is that?! Does it use a laser or blade?? - correct answer Neither laser nor blade... It uses radiofrequency energy. Corrects Hyperopia by shrinking midperpheral stromal collagen. Results last only a few years but surgery is repeatable. Laser Thermal Keratoplasty. What is that? Does it use a blade or radiofrequencies? - correct answer It uses a laser actually. Laser thermal keratoplasty (LTK) is also a surgery that is targeted towards presbyopes with low amounts of hyperopia and astigmatism. This procedure utilizes a holmium laser to cause shrinkage of the peripheral corneal collagen, resulting in corneal steepening. Again, LTK is temporary and will generally revert in roughly two to three years. Starting at the pinna (outer ear), how is sound processed into a neural signal? - correct answer Sound is funneled by the pinna (the outer ear) into the auditory canal to the tympanic membrane. Vibration of this membrane transfers the sound energy to the malleus (or the hammer) which then passes it to the incus (anvil) and on to the stapes (stirrup). The energy is transmitted to the oval window, which is considerably smaller than the tympanic membrane, causing amplification of the original sound vibrations. The oval window conveys the sound to the cochlea, a fluid-filled, snail-shaped apparatus consisting of the scala vestibuli and the scala tympani, which surround the central cochlear duct. It is within the cochlear duct that the magic happens. The floor of the cochlear duct houses the basilar membrane, which serves as a bed for the organ of Corti. Hair cells of the organ of Corti protrude upwards onto a membrane called the tectorial membrane. Sound waves cause the fluid in the cochlea to move, which vibrates the basilar membrane. This vibration in turn pushes the hair cells against the tectorial membrane, causing the hair cells to bend. The bent hair cells release a neurotransmitter, resulting in action potentials of the auditory nerve. Pressure waves travel through the cochlea and are released to the round window, which helps to release some pressure caused by the force of the sound waves. How do you convert degrees to diopters for prisms? - correct answer 1 degree = 1.75 prism diopters