BHSC 1200 Midterm 1 Question and Answer
1. define anatomy and physiology - Answer-anatomy: science of body structures and the relationships among them
2. physiology: science of body function
3. describe the structural organization of the human body from simplest to most complex - Answer...
BHSC 1200 Midterm 1 Question and Answer
1. define anatomy and physiology - Answer-anatomy: science of body structures and the
relationships among them
2. physiology: science of body function
3. describe the structural organization of the human body from simplest to most complex -
Answer-1) chemical: atoms and molecules
4. 2) cellular: molecules combine to form cells
5. 3) tissue: groups of cells and the materials surrounding them that work together to perform
a particular function
6. 4) organ: structures composed of two or more different types of tissues; have specific
functions and recognizable shapes
7. 5) system: related organs with a common function
8. 6) organismal: all parts of the human body functioning together
9. define homeostasis - Answer--maintenance of relatively stable conditions in the body's
internal environment
10. -maintains volume and composition of body fluids
11. define homeostatic feedback system - Answer-cycle of events in which the status of a body
condition is monitored, evaluated, changed, remonitored, reevaluated, and so on
12. describe components of homeostatic feedback system - Answer-1) receptor: body structure
that monitors changes in a controlled condition and sends input to a control centre
13. 2) control centre: sets the set point within which a controlled condition should be
maintained, evaluates the input it receives from receptors, & generates output commands
when they are needed
14. 3) effector: body structure that received output from the control centre and produces a
response or effect that changes the controlled conditions
15. describe and provide an example of a negative feedback system - Answer--the response of
the effector negates the stimulus; body is brought back into homeostasis; normal range is
achieved; leads to stability
,16. ex/ regulation of blood pressure:
17. stimulus disrupts homeostasis by increasing controlled condition (blood pressure). receptor
(baroreceptors) send input (nerve impulse) to control centre (brain). Brain sends output
(nerve impulse) to effector (heart and blood vessels) . A response (lower heart rate and
dilate blood vessels) occurs which brings blood pressure back to normal range
18. describe and provide an example of a positive feedback system - Answer--the response of
the effector increases/reinforces change of the stimulus
19. -body is moved away from homeostasis
20. -normal range is lost
21. -used to speed up processes
22. -leads to instability because output becomes progressively stronger as it is fed back and
reamplified
23. ex/ contractions during childbirth:
24. stimulus (contractions of uterine wall forcing baby's head into cervix) increases the
controlled condition (stretching of cervix). receptors (stretch-sensitive nerve cells in cervix)
send input (nerve impulse) to the control centre (brain). Brain sends output (oxytocin) to
effectors (muscles in uterine wall contract) causing a response (body stretches cervix more).
Response increases stimulus until cycle is interrupted (baby is born)
25. describe anatomical position - Answer--standing erect
26. -head level, eyes forward
27. -lower limbs are parallel, feet flat on floor and toes facing forward
28. -upper limbs are at the sides, palms facing forward
29. superior/inferior - Answer-superior: toward the head or upper part of a structure
30. inferior: away from the head or lower part of a structure
31. anterior/posterior - Answer-anterior: nearer to or at the front of the body
32. posterior: nearer to or at the back of the body
33. medial/lateral - Answer-medial: nearer to the midline
34. lateral: farther from the midline
, 35. ipsilateral/contralateral - Answer-ipsilateral: on the same side of the body as another
structure
36. contralateral: on the opposite side of the body as another structure
37. proximal/distal - Answer-proximal: nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk
38. distal: farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk
39. superficial/deep - Answer-superficial: toward or on the surface of the skin
40. deep: away from the surface of the body
41. sagittal plane
42. midsagittal plane
43. parasagittal plane - Answer-sagittal: vertical plane that divides the body or organ into right
and left sides, 2 types:
44. midsagittal: divides the body or organ into equal left and right sides
45. parasagittal: divides the body or organ into unequal left and right sides
46. frontal plane - Answer-divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior portions
47. transverse plane - Answer-divides the body or organ into superior and inferior portions
48. oblique plane - Answer-passes through the body or organ at an oblique angle
49. list the major body cavities and organs they contain - Answer--cranial cavity: formed by
cranial bones and contains brain
50. -vertebral canal: formed by vertebral column; contains spinal cord and beginnings of spinal
nerves
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller elijahharrison010. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $14.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
