BIOLOGY: BHSC 1200 MIDTERM
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
define anatomy and physiology - CORRECT ANSWERSanatomy: science of body structures and the relationships among
them
physiology: science of body function
describe the structural organization of the human body from
simplest to most complex ...
BIOLOGY: BHSC 1200 MIDTERM
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
2023\2024
,define anatomy and physiology - CORRECT ANSWERS-
anatomy: science of body structures and the relationships among
them
physiology: science of body function
describe the structural organization of the human body from
simplest to most complex - CORRECT ANSWERS-1) chemical:
atoms and molecules
2) cellular: molecules combine to form cells
3) tissue: groups of cells and the materials surrounding them that
work together to perform a particular function
4) organ: structures composed of two or more different types of
tissues; have specific functions and recognizable shapes
5) system: related organs with a common function
6) organismal: all parts of the human body functioning together
define homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWERS--maintenance of
relatively stable conditions in the body's internal environment
-maintains volume and composition of body fluids
define homeostatic feedback system - CORRECT ANSWERS-
cycle of events in which the status of a body condition is
monitored, evaluated, changed, remonitored, reevaluated, and so
on
describe components of homeostatic feedback system -
CORRECT ANSWERS-1) receptor: body structure that monitors
changes in a controlled condition and sends input to a control
centre
2) control centre: sets the set point within which a controlled
condition should be maintained, evaluates the input it receives
from receptors, & generates output commands when they are
needed
, 3) effector: body structure that received output from the control
centre and produces a response or effect that changes the
controlled conditions
describe and provide an example of a negative feedback system -
CORRECT ANSWERS--the response of the effector negates the
stimulus; body is brought back into homeostasis; normal range is
achieved; leads to stability
ex/ regulation of blood pressure:
stimulus disrupts homeostasis by increasing controlled condition
(blood pressure). receptor (baroreceptors) send input (nerve
impulse) to control centre (brain). Brain sends output (nerve
impulse) to effector (heart and blood vessels) . A response (lower
heart rate and dilate blood vessels) occurs which brings blood
pressure back to normal range
describe and provide an example of a positive feedback system -
CORRECT ANSWERS--the response of the effector
increases/reinforces change of the stimulus
-body is moved away from homeostasis
-normal range is lost
-used to speed up processes
-leads to instability because output becomes progressively
stronger as it is fed back and reamplified
ex/ contractions during childbirth:
stimulus (contractions of uterine wall forcing baby's head into
cervix) increases the controlled condition (stretching of cervix).
receptors (stretch-sensitive nerve cells in cervix) send input
(nerve impulse) to the control centre (brain). Brain sends output
(oxytocin) to effectors (muscles in uterine wall contract) causing a
response (body stretches cervix more). Response increases
stimulus until cycle is interrupted (baby is born)
describe anatomical position - CORRECT ANSWERS--standing
erect
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