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c955 wgu Exam/99 Questions andAnswers/100% Correct
quantitative data - -Quantitative data consists of data values that are
numbers, representing quantities that can be counted or measured.
-The Empirical Rule - -According to The Empirical Rule, approximately 68%
of the data points in a dataset will be within 1 standard deviation of the
mean. 95% of all values are within 2 standard deviations of the mean.
-Normal distribution - -In a normal distribution data is symmetrical, so the
mean, median, and mode are all equal.
-measure of spread - -Measures of spread describe how similar or varied the
set of observed values are for a particular variable (data item). Measures of
spread include the range, quartiles and the interquartile range, variance and
standard deviation.
-Standard Deviation Rule 2 and 3 deviations - -According the the Standard
Deviation Rule, approximately 2.35 percent of all values will fall between 2
and 3 standard deviations above the mean.
-How are the mode and mean of a sample related if the distribution is
positively skewed? - -The mode is less than the mean.
-A set of data is normally distributed with a mean of 85 and standard
deviation 20. The data point values that fall within one standard deviation
range from ___________ to ___________? - -We know that the standard
deviation is 20. To obtain the values that are one standard deviation above
and below the mean, we do the following: To obtain the first value, we will
subtract 20 from the mean: 85 −20 =65 To obtain the second value, we will
add 20 to the mean: 85 +20 =105 Therefore, the data values that will fall
within 1 standard deviation of the mean will range from 65 to 105.
-best used to display categorical data - -
-How are the mean, median, and mode of a sample related if the distribution
is normally distributed? - -The values are all equal
-IQR (interquartile range) - -Q3-Q1
-standard deviation - -Using the Standard Deviation Rule, we know that
when data is normally distributed, 50% of the values fall above the mean,
and 50% of the values fall below the mean.
, -population sample from a box plot. - -It is not possible to estimate the size
of the population sample from a box plot.
-Pie chart - -A pie chart is the best type of graph to use to show categorical
data, where each category represents a share of the total as a percent.
-Scatterplot - -A scatterplot is a graphical display that shows the
explanatory variable on the x-axis and the response variable on the y-axis. Is
useful when both variables in the data set are quantitative.
-Cluster - -If several points are grouped together away from the majority of
points, we call them a cluster.
-two-way frequency table. - -The best method to display two categorical
(words) variables is a two-way frequency table.
Has rows and columns
-Side-by-side box plots - -Side-by-side boxplots are useful when the
explanatory variable is categorical and the response variable is quantitative.
-Simpson's Paradox - -A counterintuitive situation in which a trend in
different groups of data disappears or reverses when the groups are
combined. Simpson's paradox is avoided by having an equal number of
subjects exposed to each of the treatments in each trial.
-association - -A pattern or relationship between two variables.
-causal relationship - -A relationship between two variables that can be
classified as cause-and-effect.
-causation - -A relationship of cause and effect between two or more
variables.
-cluster sample - -Similar to stratified sample, but researchers select entire
chunks or clusters of the population to obtain the study sample.
-coordinate plane - -A tool for graphing consisting of a horizontal x-axis and
a vertical y-axis.
-correlation coefficient - -A measure of the linear relationship between two
attributes. The numerical value demonstrates how closely the attributes vary
together. Correlation coefficients near -1 and +1 have strong linear
correlation, while a correlation coefficient near 0 has weak (or no) linear
correlation.
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