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Vroedvrouw in de maatschappij 1 - Samenvatting Psychologie
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Dit is een samenvatting van het onderdeel Psychologie van het vak Vroedvrouw in de maatschappij 1
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VROEDVROUW IN DE MAATSCHAPPIJPSYCHOLOGIE
INHOUD
Theoretische stromingen ........................................................................................................................................ 4
Situering .............................................................................................................................................................. 4
Dieptepsychologie ............................................................................................................................................... 4
Behaviorisme....................................................................................................................................................... 5
Sociaal constructivisme ....................................................................................................................................... 5
Gestaltpsychologie .............................................................................................................................................. 5
Cognitieve psychologie ....................................................................................................................................... 6
Humanistische psychologie ................................................................................................................................. 6
Biologische psychologie ...................................................................................................................................... 6
Leerpsychologie ...................................................................................................................................................... 7
Aangeboren & aangeleerd gedrag ...................................................................................................................... 7
Habituatie............................................................................................................................................................ 7
Kenmerken ...................................................................................................................................................... 7
Klassieke conditionering ..................................................................................................................................... 8
Klassiek experiment Pavlov ............................................................................................................................. 8
Kenmerken ...................................................................................................................................................... 8
Operante of instrumentele conditionering ......................................................................................................... 9
Aangeleerde hulpeloosheid ............................................................................................................................ 9
Sociaal leren ...................................................................................................................................................... 10
Bobo-doll-experiment ................................................................................................................................... 10
Inzichtelijk oplossen van problemen ................................................................................................................. 11
Experiment van W. Köhler met de chimpansees .......................................................................................... 11
Ontwikkelingspsychologie van de baby ................................................................................................................ 12
Het psychologisch proces van de zwangerschap .............................................................................................. 12
Fase vooraf aan de zwangerschap ................................................................................................................ 12
1e drie zwangerschapsmaanden ................................................................................................................... 12
Van 3 tot 6 maanden ..................................................................................................................................... 12
Laatste 3 zwangerschapsmaanden ............................................................................................................... 13
Geboorte ....................................................................................................................................................... 13
Onderzoek van de pasgeborene ....................................................................................................................... 14
Algemene kenmerken van de pasgeborene.................................................................................................. 14
1
, APGAR-test .................................................................................................................................................... 14
Motorische- & lichamelijke functies ............................................................................................................. 15
Motorische & perceptuele ontwikkeling van de baby ...................................................................................... 16
1e drie levensmaanden.................................................................................................................................. 16
Van 3 tot 6 maanden ..................................................................................................................................... 17
Van 6 tot 9 maanden ..................................................................................................................................... 18
Van 9 tot 12 maanden ................................................................................................................................... 18
Van 12 tot 15 maanden ................................................................................................................................. 18
Sociale ontwikkeling & ontwikkeling van relaties ............................................................................................. 19
Sociale glimlach ............................................................................................................................................. 19
Taalontwikkeling ........................................................................................................................................... 19
Gehechtheidsontwikkeling volgens Harlow .................................................................................................. 20
Dynamisch affectieve ontwikkeling volgens Erikson ..................................................................................... 20
Gehechtheidsontwikkeling volgens Bowlby .................................................................................................. 21
Gehechtheidspatronen ................................................................................................................................. 22
Invloed van ouder- & kindkarakteristieken ................................................................................................... 23
Symptomen van gehechtheidsstoornissen ................................................................................................... 23
Ontluiken van het zelfbewustzijn .................................................................................................................. 24
Peripartumdepressie ............................................................................................................................................. 25
Diagnose DSM V-criteria ................................................................................................................................... 25
Preventie ........................................................................................................................................................... 26
Behandeling ...................................................................................................................................................... 26
Huilbaby’s.............................................................................................................................................................. 27
Normaal slaappatroon van een baby ................................................................................................................ 27
Normaal huilgedrag........................................................................................................................................... 27
Huilbaby ............................................................................................................................................................ 28
Preventie: educatie ........................................................................................................................................... 28
Interventie bij slaap- & huilproblemen ............................................................................................................. 28
Slaaphygiëne ................................................................................................................................................. 28
Uitdoving van gedrag .................................................................................................................................... 29
Adequate stimulatie ...................................................................................................................................... 29
Hometraining ................................................................................................................................................ 29
Gespecialiseerde zorg ................................................................................................................................... 29
Gezond & veilig ontwikkelen................................................................................................................................. 30
Maatschappelijke trends ................................................................................................................................... 30
Ontstaansmechanisme van opvoedingsproblemen .......................................................................................... 30
Kinderen met een ontwikkelingsstoornis.......................................................................................................... 32
2
, Kinderen met een autisme spectrum stoornis .............................................................................................. 32
Kinderen met Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) ................................................................... 32
Opsporen van moeilijke opvoedingssituaties ................................................................................................... 33
Kindreflex ...................................................................................................................................................... 33
Structured problem analysis of raising kids (SPARK) ..................................................................................... 33
De problematische ontwikkelingsschaal (POS) ............................................................................................. 33
Pedagogisch Advies & Stimulering (PAS) ...................................................................................................... 33
Effectief interventieprogramma: Triple P-Programma ..................................................................................... 34
Problematische opvoedingssituaties .................................................................................................................... 35
Definitie van kindermishandeling ..................................................................................................................... 35
Vertrouwenscentrum voor kindermishandeling (VK) ....................................................................................... 35
Grootte & aard van het probleem .................................................................................................................... 35
Wanneer denken aan kindermishandeling? ..................................................................................................... 35
Lichamelijke kindermishandeling ...................................................................................................................... 36
Blauwe plekken & kneuzingen/breuken ....................................................................................................... 36
Brandwonden ................................................................................................................................................ 37
Shaken Baby Syndrome ................................................................................................................................. 37
Syndroom van von Münchhausen by proxy ...................................................................................................... 39
Emotionele mishandeling .................................................................................................................................. 40
Seksueel misbruik van kinderen ........................................................................................................................ 40
Oorzaken van kindermishandeling .................................................................................................................... 41
Loyaliteit ........................................................................................................................................................ 41
Intergenerationele & transactionele aspecten ............................................................................................. 41
Specifieke aspecten ....................................................................................................................................... 41
Gevolgen van kindermishandeling .................................................................................................................... 42
Hulpverlening bij kindermishandeling .............................................................................................................. 42
3
, THEORETISCHE STROMINGEN
SITUERING
Psychologie = wetenschappelijke studie vh menselijke gedrag in al zijn functies
Verschillende opvattingen over gedrag
afhankelijk vn tijd
afhankelijk vn maatschappelijke evoluties
Verschillende opvattingen hebben geleid tt verschillende stromingen binnen de psychologie
DIEPTEPSYCHOLOGIE
Grondlegger = Sigmund Freud (vn opleiding neuroloog)
Centrale gedacht = menselijk gedrag wordt beheerst door dieper onbewuste krachten
Gehanteerde mensbeeld = eerder pessimistisch
Psychische factoren spelen rol id neurologische ziekteprocessen
Complexe theorie waarbij menselijke geest wordt opgedeeld in 3 compartimenten
= psychische apparaat vd mens & vr 90% onbewust
Elk onderdeel heeft eigen: - kenmerken
- ontstaansgeschiedenis
(1) es = id: - volledig onbewust
- huisvest driften
- functioneert vanuit (on)lustprincipe
vormt diepste kern vd persoonlijkheid
zo veel mogelijk driften zo snel mogelijk bevredigen
onderscheid driften: - levensdrift = eros: seksuele driften/soortbehoud & ik-driften/zelfbehoud
- doodsdrift = thanos: op externe wereld & uiting als agressie
driften = eigenlijke fundamentele behoeften vd mens
(2) ich = ego: - voor groot del bewust
- voeling met realiteit
- reageert vanuit realiteitsprincipe
onderdeel dat denkt, waarneemt, zich bewust is vn gevoelens & handelingen uitvoert
(3) überich = superego: - grootste deel onbewust
- moraliserende instantie
- functioneert obv moraliteitsprincipe
Es in tegenspraak met überich = conflict
ich zoekt maatschappelijk aanvaardbare oplossing
neurotische symptomen indien gn bevredigende oplossing
uitweg in versprekingen, dromen, moppen, vergeetachtigheden, …
4
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