Samenvatting Discover Grammar – David Chrystal
Inhoud
Week 2A:................................................................................................................................................3
Topic 1: The parts of a word...............................................................................................................3
Topic 2: Word endings........................................................................................................................3
Topic 3: Compound words..................................................................................................................3
Week 3A:................................................................................................................................................5
Topic 4: What is a sentence................................................................................................................5
Topic 5: Types of sentence..................................................................................................................5
Topic 6: The parts of a clause..............................................................................................................6
Topic 7: Making clause patterns..........................................................................................................7
Topic 8: The verb.................................................................................................................................7
Week 4A:................................................................................................................................................9
Topic 32: The time of an action...........................................................................................................9
Topic 33: Complementing an action...................................................................................................9
Week 5A:..............................................................................................................................................10
Topic 9: The subject..........................................................................................................................10
Topic 10: The object..........................................................................................................................10
Topic 11: Complementing a clause...................................................................................................10
Week 6A:..............................................................................................................................................12
Topic 12: Saying when, where and how............................................................................................12
Topic 13: Making clause parts agree.................................................................................................12
Topic 20: Singular and plural.............................................................................................................13
Week 7A:..............................................................................................................................................15
Topic 14: Statements........................................................................................................................15
Topic 15: Questions...........................................................................................................................15
Topic 16: Commands.........................................................................................................................15
Topic 17: Exclamations......................................................................................................................16
Week 1B:..............................................................................................................................................18
Topic 18: Nouns................................................................................................................................18
Topic 19: Different kinds of noun......................................................................................................18
Topic 21: People, animals and things................................................................................................19
Week 2B:..............................................................................................................................................20
Topic 22: Apostrophe s.....................................................................................................................20
, Topic 23: Building up noun phrases..................................................................................................20
Topic 24: Adding words before a noun.............................................................................................21
Topic 25: Adding words after a noun................................................................................................22
Topic 26: The noun phrase: a summary............................................................................................22
Week 3B:..............................................................................................................................................23
Topic 27: Different kinds of verb.......................................................................................................23
Topic 28: Regular verbs.....................................................................................................................23
Topic 29: Irregular verbs...................................................................................................................23
Topic 30: Helping verbs.....................................................................................................................24
Topic 31: Multi-word verbs...............................................................................................................24
Week 5B:..............................................................................................................................................26
Topic 34: Active and passive.............................................................................................................26
Topic 35: Verb phrases......................................................................................................................26
Week 6B:..............................................................................................................................................27
Topic 36: Working with word classes................................................................................................27
Topic 37: Pronouns...........................................................................................................................27
Topic 38: Pronouns and gender........................................................................................................28
Topic 39: Adjectives..........................................................................................................................28
Week 7B:..............................................................................................................................................30
Topic 40: Adverbs..............................................................................................................................30
Topic 41: Prepositions.......................................................................................................................30
Topic 42: Conjunctions......................................................................................................................31
, Week 2A:
Topic 1: The parts of a word
Base form: when a word has no meaningful parts, we say it only consists of a
base form, such as: ‘What does the phant of elephant means?”
Prefixes: when we add a meaningful element before the base form, we call it a
prefix.
- Smoker > non-smoker
- Wise > unwise
- Market > supermarket
Suffixes: when we add a meaningful element after the base form, we call it a
suffix.
- Spoon > spoonful
- Quick > quickly
- Child > childlike
A prefix and a suffix may both be used along with one base form:
- Un – drink – able
- Nation – al – iz – ation
Topic 2: Word endings
Inflections: inflections don’t have meanings like those of other suffixes. It shows
how a word is being used in a sentence.
- Cat > cats
- Ted > Ted’s
- Walk > walked
- Drink > drinking
- Are > aren’t
Suffix-spotting:
Some words contain two suffixes, as in person-al-ity. Some words change their
spelling or pronunciation.
Topic 3: Compound words
Compound words: words which consist of more than one base form, are called
compound words. In each case, a new word has been formed, with a new
meaning.
- Chewing > chewinggum
- Washing > washingmachine
- Scare > scarecrow
Compound words can sometimes be found with prefixes and suffixes.
- Motor > motorbike > minimotorbike
- Home > homesick > homesickness
, There are some words where one of these elements can be used on its own as a
separate word, but there are some words where one of these elements is not so
easy to identify.
Inhoud
Week 2A:................................................................................................................................................3
Topic 1: The parts of a word...............................................................................................................3
Topic 2: Word endings........................................................................................................................3
Topic 3: Compound words..................................................................................................................3
Week 3A:................................................................................................................................................5
Topic 4: What is a sentence................................................................................................................5
Topic 5: Types of sentence..................................................................................................................5
Topic 6: The parts of a clause..............................................................................................................6
Topic 7: Making clause patterns..........................................................................................................7
Topic 8: The verb.................................................................................................................................7
Week 4A:................................................................................................................................................9
Topic 32: The time of an action...........................................................................................................9
Topic 33: Complementing an action...................................................................................................9
Week 5A:..............................................................................................................................................10
Topic 9: The subject..........................................................................................................................10
Topic 10: The object..........................................................................................................................10
Topic 11: Complementing a clause...................................................................................................10
Week 6A:..............................................................................................................................................12
Topic 12: Saying when, where and how............................................................................................12
Topic 13: Making clause parts agree.................................................................................................12
Topic 20: Singular and plural.............................................................................................................13
Week 7A:..............................................................................................................................................15
Topic 14: Statements........................................................................................................................15
Topic 15: Questions...........................................................................................................................15
Topic 16: Commands.........................................................................................................................15
Topic 17: Exclamations......................................................................................................................16
Week 1B:..............................................................................................................................................18
Topic 18: Nouns................................................................................................................................18
Topic 19: Different kinds of noun......................................................................................................18
Topic 21: People, animals and things................................................................................................19
Week 2B:..............................................................................................................................................20
Topic 22: Apostrophe s.....................................................................................................................20
, Topic 23: Building up noun phrases..................................................................................................20
Topic 24: Adding words before a noun.............................................................................................21
Topic 25: Adding words after a noun................................................................................................22
Topic 26: The noun phrase: a summary............................................................................................22
Week 3B:..............................................................................................................................................23
Topic 27: Different kinds of verb.......................................................................................................23
Topic 28: Regular verbs.....................................................................................................................23
Topic 29: Irregular verbs...................................................................................................................23
Topic 30: Helping verbs.....................................................................................................................24
Topic 31: Multi-word verbs...............................................................................................................24
Week 5B:..............................................................................................................................................26
Topic 34: Active and passive.............................................................................................................26
Topic 35: Verb phrases......................................................................................................................26
Week 6B:..............................................................................................................................................27
Topic 36: Working with word classes................................................................................................27
Topic 37: Pronouns...........................................................................................................................27
Topic 38: Pronouns and gender........................................................................................................28
Topic 39: Adjectives..........................................................................................................................28
Week 7B:..............................................................................................................................................30
Topic 40: Adverbs..............................................................................................................................30
Topic 41: Prepositions.......................................................................................................................30
Topic 42: Conjunctions......................................................................................................................31
, Week 2A:
Topic 1: The parts of a word
Base form: when a word has no meaningful parts, we say it only consists of a
base form, such as: ‘What does the phant of elephant means?”
Prefixes: when we add a meaningful element before the base form, we call it a
prefix.
- Smoker > non-smoker
- Wise > unwise
- Market > supermarket
Suffixes: when we add a meaningful element after the base form, we call it a
suffix.
- Spoon > spoonful
- Quick > quickly
- Child > childlike
A prefix and a suffix may both be used along with one base form:
- Un – drink – able
- Nation – al – iz – ation
Topic 2: Word endings
Inflections: inflections don’t have meanings like those of other suffixes. It shows
how a word is being used in a sentence.
- Cat > cats
- Ted > Ted’s
- Walk > walked
- Drink > drinking
- Are > aren’t
Suffix-spotting:
Some words contain two suffixes, as in person-al-ity. Some words change their
spelling or pronunciation.
Topic 3: Compound words
Compound words: words which consist of more than one base form, are called
compound words. In each case, a new word has been formed, with a new
meaning.
- Chewing > chewinggum
- Washing > washingmachine
- Scare > scarecrow
Compound words can sometimes be found with prefixes and suffixes.
- Motor > motorbike > minimotorbike
- Home > homesick > homesickness
, There are some words where one of these elements can be used on its own as a
separate word, but there are some words where one of these elements is not so
easy to identify.
