Test Bank for Ebersole and Hess Gerontological Nursing and Healthy Aging in Canada, 3rd Edition by Veronique Boscart Chapter 1-28
Test Bank for Ebersole and Hess Gerontological Nursing and Healthy Aging in Canada, 3rd Edition (Boscart, 2023), Chapter 1-28 | All Chapters
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Chapter 01: Introduction to Healthy Aging
Touhy & Jett: Ebersole and Hess’ Gerontological Nursing & Healthy Aging, 5th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A man is terminally ill with end-stage prostate cancer. Which is the best
statement about this man’s wellness?
a. Wellness can only be achieved with
aggressive medical interventions.
b. Wellness is not a real option for this
client because he is terminally ill.
c. Wellness is defined as the absence of
disease.
d. Nursing interventions can help
empower a client to achieve a higher
level of wellness.
ANS: D
Nursing interventions can help empower a client to achieve a higher level of
wellness; a nurse can foster wellness in his or her clients. Wellness is defined by
the individual and is multidimensional. It is not just the absence of disease. A
wellness perspective is based on the belief that every person has an optimal level
of health independent of his or her situation or functional level. Even in the
presence of chronic illness or while dying, a movement toward wellness is possible
if emphasis of care is placed on the promotion of well-being in a supportive
environment.
PTS: 1 DIF: Apply REF: p. 7 TOP: Nursing Process:
Diagnosis MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. In differentiating between health and wellness in health care, which of the following
statements
is true?
a. Health is a broad term
encompassing attitudes and
behaviors.
b. The concept of illness prevention was
never considered by previous
generations.
c. Wellness and self-actualization
develop through learn- ing and growth.
d. Wellness is impossible when one’s
health is compro- mised.
ANS: A
Health is a broad term that encompasses attitudes and behaviors; holistically,
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health includes wellness, which in- volves one’s whole being. The concept of
illness prevention was never considered by previous generations; through- out
history, basic self-care requirements have been recognized. Wellness and self-
actualization develop through learning and growth—as basic needs are met, higher
level needs can be satisfied in turn, with ever-deepening rich- ness to life. Wellness
is possible when one’s health is compromised—even with chronic illness, with
multiple dis- abilities, or in dying, movement toward a higher level of wellness is
possible.
PTS: 1 DIF: Understand REF: p. 7 TOP: Nursing Process:
Evaluation MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
3. Which racial or ethnic group has the highest life expectancy in the United States?
a. Native Americans
b. African Americans
c. Hispanic Americans
d. Asian and Pacific Island Americans
ANS: C
As shown in Figure 1.4, Hispanic men and women have the highest life
expectancy of all. In 2011, for those of His- panic origin of any race, the overall
life expectancy at 65 years of age was 20.7 more years in 2011 (19.1 years for men
and 21.8 years for women).
PTS: 1 DIF: Understand REF: p. 6
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Safe, Effective Care Environment
4. Historical influences that have shaped the lives of the majority of the in-between
cohort in the United States today include which of the following?
a. Influenza epidemic of 1918
b. World War I
c. Child rearing in the Depression
d. World War II
ANS: D
Those who are in the in-between cohort in 2016 were born between 1915 and
1945. The men were likely to have fought in World War II. The last of the Holocaust
survivors are in this group. A person who survived the influenza epidemic would be at
least 98 years old in 2016 and therefore would be considered old-old or a
centenarian. Most of those who are of the in-between cohort had not reached
childbearing age by the end of the Depression. Individuals in the in-between
cohort would not have been old enough to fight in World War II.
PTS: 1 DIF: Understand REF: p. 5
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Safe, Effective Care Environment
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5. According to researchers, which characteristic do most centenarians share?
a. Female
b. Hispanic
c. Living in rural areas
d. Located in the Midwestern states
ANS: A
Based on the U.S. census report of 2010, centenarians were overwhelmingly white,
female, and living in the urban areas of the Southern states.
PTS: 1 DIF: Remember REF: p. 5
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Safe, Effective Care Environment
6. Which nursing intervention is a holistic approach to an older adult?
a. Performs glucose testing during the
weekly worship service
b. Wheels ambulatory adults to
exercise when running late
c. Assigns female nurses to older women
who are Islamic
d. Allows older adults in a nursing
home to eat meals alone
ANS: C
The nurse uses a holistic approach to the care of an older female adult who is
Islamic because the woman and her family are more likely to be willing
participants in a therapeutic regimen that respects a tenet of their culture. Inter-
rupting an older adult’s worship with glucose testing can be interpreted as a lack of
respect for spiritual needs. The nurse can provide for and respect the physical and
spiritual aspects of the older adult’s life by testing for glucose before the service
begins. In transporting ambulatory adults to the exercise program in wheelchairs to
save time, the nurse disregards the need for self-esteem and exercise, both
important aspects of physical well-being. Ambulatory adults can walk with
assistance, if needed, to exercise programs and can benefit from the additional
activity and independence. The nurse can be tempted to allow an older adult to eat
meals alone in his or her room if this will motivate the person to eat or if the older
adult has dysphasia and is embarrassed. However, although focusing on physical
needs, the nurse ignores psychosocial and other aspects of health and well-being.
PTS: 1 DIF: Understand REF: p. 7 TOP: Nursing Process:
Evaluation MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
7. An older man who resides in a nursing home has a total cholesterol level of
245 mg/dL. Which nursing intervention is most likely to assist this man in
achieving his highest level of wellness?
a. Instruct him about increasing dietary
fiber.
b. Ask the health care provider for a low-
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fat diet.
c. Schedule a consultation for him with the
dietitian.
d. Review a menu with him to choose
suitable foods.
ANS: D
The nurse collaborates with the older adult to choose suitable foods, which is
likely to be an effective nursing inter- vention to help an older adult with
hyperlipidemia achieve optimal health and well-being; it gives him some control
over the regimen and thus engages him in the process of lowering serum
cholesterol. Informing the older man about dietary fiber offers no control to him
because he is not part of the decision. Nursing interventions developed with the
older adult’s collaboration are most likely to help the older adult achieve health
and wellness. Collaborating with the health care provider for a low-fat diet is a
reasonable approach to help this man with hyperlipidemia to achieve health and
wellness. However, he is more likely to have motivation and enthusiasm for a
therapeutic regimen over which he has had some control. Scheduling a
consultation with a dietitian is a reasonable approach to an older adult with
hyperlipidemia and is a part of a multifaceted approach to optimizing his health.
However, the older adult is more likely to engage in a regimen over which he has
input.
PTS: 1 DIF: Analyze REF: p. 7 TOP: Nursing Process:
Planning MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
8. Which approach requires the nurse to integrate and balance all
aspects of an individual’s life into the plan of care?
a. Holistic nursing
b. Healthy People 2020
c. Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs
d. Orem’s self-care requirements
ANS: A
Holistic nursing integrates all aspects of an individual’s life into the plan of care
by balancing an individual’s inter- nal and external environment with
psychosocial, spiritual, cultural, and physical processes. Healthy People 2020, an
updated document from 2000 that outlines the goals for achieving health in this
country, is a mandate for health care professionals to follow with 467 objectives in
28 focus areas. Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs provides a basis for
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understanding individuals in context and for ranking nursing assessments,
diagnoses, goals, and interventions in order of importance. Dorothea Orem’s self-
care requirements lists human needs, including the need for air, fluids, nutrition,
hygiene, elimination, activity, comfort, relief from suffering, and skin integrity.
The nurse helps individu- als meet these needs to achieve optimal health and
wellness.
PTS: 1 DIF: Remember REF: p. 7
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Safe, Effective Care Environment
9. The nurse plans activities for older women born between 1920 and
1930 and who reside in an assisted-living facility. Which is the best intervention
for the nurse to implement?
a. Have them bake cookies twice a week.
b. Conduct interviews for specific
interests.
c. Arrange dog and cat visits from
volunteers.
d. Take them to the library for guest
speakers.
ANS: B
The nurse conducts individual interviews with the women to determine their
interests and to avoid generalizing; as people live longer, they become more and
more unique. Because most of these women are in their 80s and 90s were born
between 1920 and 1930 and have generally spent their lives as homemakers, the
nurse presumes to know what
activities they will enjoy. The nurse avoids arranging group activities until
individual interests are determined. In addition, the nurse must assess for allergies
and individual fears of animals before exposing an older adult to a pet visit. Unless
it is organized on a voluntary basis, the nurse avoids arranging visits by guest
speakers. In addition, the nurse will assess each older woman before an outside
visit to avoid embarrassing events, including incontinence and hearing and vision
problems.
10. Which of the following issues in the care of older adults are identified in Healthy
People 2020?
a. Delineating nursing staffing levels in
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