Exam (elaborations)
UWorld for Nclex Pharmacology
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UWorld for Nclex Pharmacology
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lOMoARcPSD|17224140Aminoglycosides -micin i.e. gentamicin - Side effects: -Assess for allergies esp.
mycin i.e. vancomycin, -Ototoxicity anaphylactic allergies
neomycin -Nephrotoxicity -Monitor appropriate lab values
*Contains main drugs questioned in UWorld and mentioned in MK;-GI Antibiotics, prior to
irritation CV drugs, Diuretics, Diabetic administration
drugs, i.e. drugs, and
Mental health
Respiratory drugs (in that order) plus other main drugs. i.e. proton pump inhibitors, dilantin, NSAIDs aminoglycosides with BUN and
Vancomycin: Red man Cr
syndrome; administer over 60 -Monitor for adverse effects and
report to HCP if they occur -
minutes
Monitor ins and outs
-Encourage fluid intake -
Emphasize importance of
completing full prescribed
Cephalosporins (broad Cef- i.e. cefaclor, -GI disturbances course
spectrum) cefradoxil, cefdinir, -Nephrotoxicity
cefotaxime, cephalexin -Superinfections i.e. C. difficile
Similar to penicillins;
contraindicated for clients with
penicillin sensitivity
Floroquinolones -floxacin i.e. Headache, dizziness, insomnia,
ciprofloxacin, depression -GI effects
Floroquinol(one) bone marrow gatifloxacin -bone marrow depression i.e.
thrombocytopenia
depression
-photosensitivity, fever, rash
Macrolides -thromycin i.e. -GI effects
azithromycin, -pseudomembranous colitis (c.
erythromycin diff colitis)
-superinfections
-Hepatotoxic
-causes a prolonged QT interval,
which may lead to sudden
cardiac death due to torsades de
pointes
Penicillins -cillin i.e. amoxicillin, -hypersensitivity
carbenicillin, ampicillin reactions, including
anaphylaxis -related to
cephalosporins
-GI effects
Sulfonamides Sulfa- i.e. sulfadiazine, -hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic -
sulfasalazine bone marrow depression i.e.
thrombocytopenia -
photosensitivity
-ANY RASH WITH
, lOMoARcPSD|17224140
*Contains main drugs questioned in UWorld and mentioned in MK; Antibiotics, CV drugs, Diuretics, Diabetic drugs, Mental health drugs, and
Respiratory drugs (in that order) plus other main drugs. i.e. proton pump inhibitors, dilantin, NSAIDs
DRUG LIST NCLEX
ANTIBIOTICS
*All antibiotics have GI effects
CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICATIONS
Anticoagulants Oral: Warfarin, Prevent clot formation by Side effects: -contraindicated in clients taking NSAIDs,
Dabigatran, inhibiting factors in clotting Hemorrhage gingko and ginseng,
Rivaroxaban cascade and decreasing blood Hematuria corticosteroids, vit K containing foods
(have this in moderation; no sudden
coagulability i.e. in MI, Thrombocytopenia
increase or decrease)
Parenteral: Dalteparin, mechanical heart valves, DVT, Hypotension -contraindicated with active bleeding -
Heparin, Enoxaparin, atrial fibrillation, unstable Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia can
Desirudin, angina be ironic in that it can cause stroke and
Fondaparinux, embolism
Tinzaparin, Argatroban
Thrombolytic -teplase i.e. alteplase, Activates plasminogen which Bleeding -Contraindicated in active bleeding,
medications reteplase, tenecteplase digests plasmin and Dysrhythmias history of hemorrhagic brain attack
dissolves clots in cases of MI, Allergic reactions (stroke), intracranial or intraspinal surgery
within the last 2 months, uncontrolled
DVT, occluded shunts and
HTN
pulmonary emboli
-Apply direct pressure over a puncture site
for 20 to 30 minutes
-Used only for acute, life-threatening
conditions
Antidote: Aminocaproic acid
Antiplatelet Aspirin, clopidogrel, Inhibit aggregation of GI bleeding -may be used with anticoagulants -used
medications cilostazol, dypiridamole, platelets in clotting process, Bruising in prophylaxis of long-term complications
ticlopidine thereby prolonging Hematuria following MI, CAD, stents, and strokes
2
, lOMoARcPSD|17224140
*Contains main drugs questioned in UWorld and mentioned in MK; Antibiotics, CV drugs, Diuretics, Diabetic drugs, Mental health drugs, and
Respiratory drugs (in that order) plus other main drugs. i.e. proton pump inhibitors, dilantin, NSAIDs
bleeding time Tarry stools
Positive Dobutamine Stimulate myocardial Dysrhythmias -used for IV administration; administer
inotropes/cardiotonic Dopamine contractility and produce a Hypotension with IV infusion pump
medications Imanrinone positive inotropic effect for Thrombocytopenia -monitor electrolyte (may lower K) and
heart failure liver enzyme levels (may increase due
Milrinone
-increases CO, decreasing to hepatotoxicity), platelet count, and
Adverse effects:
preload, improving blood renal function studies
Hepatotoxicity
flow to periphery and
Hypersensitivity- wheezing,
kidneys and increasing fluid
SOB, pruritus, urticaria (hives,
excretion
clammy skin and flushing
Cardiac glycosides Digoxin Stimulates myocardial -GI effects -used for HF and cardiogenic shock,
contractility by inhibition of -headache anything atrial (tach, fibrillation, flutter) -
sodium-potassium pump - Early signs of digoxin toxicity present as GI
symptoms (anorexia, nausea, vomiting,
slows HR (negative -visual disturbances:
diarrhea); then heart rate abnormalities
chronotrope) and slows diplopia, blurred vision, and visual disturbances appear -
conduction velocity (negative photophobia - hypokalemia can cause digoxin toxicity;
dromotrope) drowsiness toxic levels above 0.5 to 2 are toxic
-bradycardia (POTASSIUM COMPETES WITH
-fatigue, weakness DIGOXIN)
Peripherally acting -zosin i.e. doxazosin, Decrease sympathetic Orthostatic hypotension -Monitor for fluid retention and edema
Alpha Adrenergic prazosin, terazosin vasoconstriction resulting in Reflex tachycardia -Avoid over the counter meds -
blockers vasodilation and decreased Drowsiness change positions slowly to prevent
BP Nasal congestion Sodium orthostatic hypotension
and water
retention
Centrally acting Clonidine Causes vasodilation, reducing Na and water retention -contraindicated in impaired liver function
Adrenergic blockers Guan- i.e. Guanabenz, peripheral resistance Drowsiness -Do not discontinue meds abruptly as it
Guanfacine Bradycardia can lead to severe rebound HTN
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