Samenvatting slides boek Ontwerp van informatiesystemen
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Course
Ontwerp van Informatiesystemen
Institution
Universiteit Antwerpen (UA)
Samenvatting van de cursus Ontwerp van Informatiesystemen gegeven door Jan Verelst in 2de bachelor HIB van de Universiteit Antwerpen. Samenvatting is opgebouwd aan de hand van de slides met nodige informatie van de syllabus indien dit vereist was.
Hoofdstuk 1: Wat is systeemontwerp?...............................................................................3
Inleiding.......................................................................................................................................3
Informatesystemen......................................................................................................................3
Organisates en IS..........................................................................................................................3
Software engineering....................................................................................................................4
Watervalmodel.............................................................................................................................5
Analyse..........................................................................................................................................5
Ontwerp........................................................................................................................................5
Implementate...............................................................................................................................5
Testen...........................................................................................................................................6
Onderhoud....................................................................................................................................6
Nuancering....................................................................................................................................6
Methodologieën............................................................................................................................7
Gestructureerd vs object-georiënteerd ontwerp..........................................................................7
Hoofdstuk 2: Variabelen en Datastructuren........................................................................8
Constanten...................................................................................................................................8
Variabelen....................................................................................................................................8
Declarate......................................................................................................................................8
Initalisate.....................................................................................................................................9
Toekenning...................................................................................................................................9
Basistypes.....................................................................................................................................9
Integer...........................................................................................................................................9
Real.............................................................................................................................................10
Char en string..............................................................................................................................10
Boolean.......................................................................................................................................10
Datastructuren...........................................................................................................................10
Arrays..........................................................................................................................................10
Records.......................................................................................................................................11
Hoofdstuk 3: Basisstructuren............................................................................................11
Sequente...................................................................................................................................11
Iterate........................................................................................................................................11
For…next.....................................................................................................................................12
Repeat… untl..............................................................................................................................12
While…........................................................................................................................................12
Selecte.......................................................................................................................................12
If… then.......................................................................................................................................13
Switch..........................................................................................................................................13
Hoofdstuk 4: Procedures..................................................................................................13
Wat zijn procedures....................................................................................................................13
Functe........................................................................................................................................13
, Globale en lokale variabele.........................................................................................................13
Parameters..................................................................................................................................14
Recursiviteit...............................................................................................................................14
Voordelen van procedures.........................................................................................................14
Hoofdstuk 6: Sofwarekwaliteit........................................................................................15
Kwaliteit.....................................................................................................................................15
Kwaliteitseisen...........................................................................................................................15
Afweging tussen kwaliteitseisen.................................................................................................16
Verband met onderhoud............................................................................................................17
Verband met architectuur..........................................................................................................17
Hoofdstuk 7: Modules......................................................................................................17
Modules.....................................................................................................................................17
Definite.......................................................................................................................................17
Communicate.............................................................................................................................18
Kenmerken..................................................................................................................................18
Ontwerpen met modules: Voordelen.........................................................................................18
Bepalen van modules..................................................................................................................19
IVO-architectuur.........................................................................................................................19
Koppeling...................................................................................................................................19
Cohesie.......................................................................................................................................21
Hoofdstuk 9: Inleiding tot Object-oriëntate.....................................................................22
Inleiding......................................................................................................................................22
Abstract Data Type (ADT)...........................................................................................................22
Object-Oriëntate.......................................................................................................................23
Objecten en Klassen....................................................................................................................23
Attributen en methoden.............................................................................................................23
Voordelen van OO.......................................................................................................................23
Inkapseling.................................................................................................................................23
Parameters in Java......................................................................................................................24
UML............................................................................................................................................24
Objecten identiceren................................................................................................................24
Modulariteit en object-oriëntate...............................................................................................25
Hoofdstuk 10: Relates tussen klassen..............................................................................26
Associate...................................................................................................................................26
Generalisate..............................................................................................................................27
Aggregate..................................................................................................................................27
Hoofdstuk 11: Eigenschappen van Object-oriëntate.........................................................27
Overerving..................................................................................................................................27
Polymorisme.............................................................................................................................28
Statsche Atributen en Methoden.............................................................................................30
Hoofdstuk 12: Patronen....................................................................................................30
Ontwerppatronen.......................................................................................................................30
Voordeel.....................................................................................................................................30
Voorbeelden...............................................................................................................................31
2 Klaas Van Hoeck 2017-2018
,Hoofdstuk 1: Wat is systeemontwerp?
Inleiding
Informatesystemen
Leerdoel: Vaardigheid aanleren van hoogstaand IS
Een informatesysteem
o Staat in voor input, verwerking, opslaan en de uitvoer i.f.v. de
informatebehoeften
o Verzorgt verwerking van grote hoeveelheid data, relatef eenvoudige
verwerking naar output.
o Bestaat uit software, hardware, gebruikers, bedrijfsprocessen, het gebruik
ervan dus niet enkel hardware en software Socio-technische benadering)
Soorten informate
o Gestructureerde: getallen, tekstuele gegevens, …
o Semigestructureerd: e-mail, documenten, …
o Ongestructureerde: video, audio, afeeldingen
Soorten verwerking
o Sorteren
o Aggregate
o Selecte
o …
Organisates en IS
IS bestaat enkel binnen bepaalde context
Organisate bepaald
o Bedrijfsprocessendus informatebehoeften dus welke IS nodig
Soorten IS
o Wordt bepaald door plaats in organisate
o TPS
Kern van systeem
Doet transactes
Behandelen atomaire deeltjes bv. 1 inschrijving)
o MIS
3 Klaas Van Hoeck 2017-2018
, Ondersteunen gestructureerde beslissingen
Bv. Hoeveel studenten per richtng?
o DSS
Ondersteunen semigestructureerde beslissingen
Analyseren data ook
O.b.v. kwanttateve modellen en sensitviteitsanalyse
Al ingewikkeldere verwerkingen
Sociale kant is ook belangrijk om het ontwerp van IS te laten slagen
Bouwen van IS is socio-technisch project
o Nieuwe bedrijfsprocessen
o Nieuwe hiërarchieën van bevoegdheden
o Nieuwe taken voor WN
o Nieuwe machtsverhoudingen
o ICT moet juiste systemen bouwen
Software engineering
Ontstaan ’60 in de softwarecrisis
o Programmeren was afankelijk van individu
Gebeurden ad hoc
o Geen structuur
Spaghetticode
o Resultaat
Slechte leesbaarheid
Veel fouten
Slechte onderhoudbaarheid
Term verwijst naar de discipline van het ontwerpen, ontwikkelen en onderhouden
van software op basis van
o Principes
o Methodologieën
o Methodes
o Technieken
o Om kwalitatef hoogstaande software te maken
Gericht op grote systemen
Streven naar
o Uniformiteit
o Standaardisate
o Betrouwbaarheid
o Onderhoudbaarheid
Technieken en methodes geleend uit andere wetenschappen
4 Klaas Van Hoeck 2017-2018
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