(PART 4) A FULL summary of the course 'History of International Relations' given by Dr. ir. Jonathan Holslag ('17 -18). This includes the book and notes from the group discussions. This is a summary of chapter 3 of the book. I have achieved a 16/20. Good luck! :-) !!! UPDATE !!!! : stuvia does not ...
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The Persian takeover (afer Mediterranean World Africa: The Mesopotamia The Indo-Gangetc Plain The North China Plain
Assyrians, Achaemenid Nile Valley (Assyria, Persia)
empire)
The distributon of Afer Babylon was sacked in Scythians – most enigmatc Assyria – turmoil – cites 538 BCE c King Cyrus II of Persia China thrown into
power 539 BCE, imperial dynasty challengers on Persia’s revolted, lesser kingdoms reached the Indus, found other remorseless struggle
Achaemenid empire was fringes. 7th century – had refused to pay tribute. side of the river marred by between citycstates
Between 750 and 500 born. Weakness of neighbors penetrated from Pontcc anarchy. afer weakening of
BCE – world populaton had allowed King Cyrus II to Caspian steppe into the heart Under Tiglath – solders from Politcal landscape was Zhou Dynasty.
grew steadily, push so far. East – smaller of the Middle East, sacked 44.000 to 72.000. fragmented into city states that
innovatons like iron mountain kingdom, west, Nineveh, infested borders of King Sennacherib (705c681) – competed for land, trade and Qi – grown rich by salt
plough tp and water Median empire Egypt. Stocky horses, feared 208.000 infuence – Buddhist works called trade, mandated by
wheel spread over overstretched, crumbling, fghters, tatooed/lightly Ashurbanipal (668c627)– over them Mahajanapadas. Zhou King to lead the
Eastern Hemisphere. challenged from all sides. armed but extremely 300.000 fght vs. barbarian
Urbanizaton picked up, versatle. Entered into Assyrian heartland not more Out of struggle 4 compettors rivals.
whole world doted Once the empire was Mesopotamia, small group of than 2 million inhabitants. emerged: Koshala, Magadha, 642 BCE – this role of
with cites. Cites established, it faced no peer mercenaries that gradually Vastta and Avant. Final hegemon with
mostly less than 20.00 enemies for over a century, assimilated. Enormous speed of conquest showdown between Avant and symbolical fat of the
people, but stll unprecedented (barely 2 decades), balance of Magadaha. Buddhist texts: Avant Zhou called ba, seized
specializaton in crafs. concentraton of power. Greek city states contnued to power had swung to Assyria’s had conquered Magadha but by the Song, other
Surpluses of Plenty of iron mines, needed grow/populaton expanded advantage but also most people revolted and established neighbor of the Lu.
what/olives/rice, for weapons, tools, tmber steadily. Athens – 10.000 neighboring countries new dynasty. 10 years later – Jin
traded for luxury for constructon, ship citzens in 700 BCE, 30.000 in small/divided. 7th centuryc precarious balance of became hegemon,
goods, tmber, metals. building, economic statecraf the next 2 centuries. power between the 2, king spearheaded
New writng systems, helped to exploit this Persians – power base in Zagros Bimbisara of Magadha sent his campaign vs. the Chu.
coins, shipping. potental. Corinth and Sparta – the 2 Mountains, 100s of km of fat doctor to Chanda Pradyota when
1/3 of world’s farmland, ¼ of dominant powers throughout farmland, natural walls of he fell ill, but soon afer, Title of hegemon was
No imperial power like its populaton. the 7th and 6th century. limestone clifs, rivers, moderate Bimbisara was murdered by bestowed upon the
Mesopotamia = climate, proximity of trade ambitous son who started Qin and the Chu, each
anarchy in the rest of Corinth dominated the seas, routes, but apart from strategic atacking allies of the Avant. with promise to
the world, frst in Greece to build galleys. locaton no asset that could Magadha emerged as leader. restore peace and fght
Mediterranean/South Sparta was land power, make them lead. First 3 kings – the barbarians.
Asia/North China plain, developed the phalanx = vassals to Assyrians, then Medes. Kingdom of Zhou had
towns became cites = formaton of formaton of degraded to shell of
relentless competton. infantry armed with long Under Cambyses (580c559 BCE) legitmacy.
Infghtng between spears. End of 6th century 0 – Persia’s growing infuence
Greek city states, wars Corinth start started to fade, became notceable. Herodotus – Sun Tzu – see below,
between Rome and Athens diverted trade away reported prestgious marriages responsible for 5
neighbors, contnued and established itself as the with princess of Lydia, princess important military
struggle in the Levant. new industrial center. of Media. Sone of later marriage, victories, for short
India – rivalry between Cyrus II c period Wu became
Mahajanapada = Persia was a land power, hegemon, end of his
ambitous kingdoms. controlling Levant/Asia Minor life, Confucius
China – Spring and as gateway for trade was witnessed another
Autumn proftable enough. challenger – Yue.
Eastern Birth of Rome – minor afair – Historical annals of
Mediterranean/Middle town of about 10.000 souls to Spring and Autumn
East dominated by city of 30.000 afer death of period – no moment of
more important actors frst king. peace for the Chinese
than Rome. E.g. Assyria Army of 2nd Roman king, only states. One part of the
which engaged in war 1800 soldiers. Difcult to border secure – new
for regional supremacy explain Rome’s early success. challenges would build
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