SECTION A: INTEGRATED CONTENT AND TEXT- BASED QUESTIONS
Question 1
In this module you were introduced to several key concepts that are necessary for you to
know and understand to be able to teach English effectively. Some of these concepts are
mentioned below. In your own words, define these concepts. Do NOT copy the definitions
from the study material or any other source or marks will be deducted.
1.1 Phoneme:
A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound in a language that can change the meaning of a
word. It is the basic building block of spoken language and is represented by specific
symbols or letters in written form. For example, in the word "cat," the /k/, /æ/, and /t/
sounds are individual phonemes that, when combined, create the word's meaning.
1.2 Decoding:
Decoding refers to the ability to recognize and interpret written words by applying
knowledge of letter-sound relationships and other language patterns. It involves breaking
down words into their individual phonemes and blending them together to understand
their meaning. Decoding is an essential skill in reading, as it allows readers to make sense
of written text and comprehend its content.
1.3 Listening comprehension:
Listening comprehension is the ability to understand and interpret spoken language. It
involves actively engaging with auditory information, such as conversations, lectures, or
audio recordings, and making meaning from it. Listening comprehension skills include
understanding main ideas, details, tone, and context. Effective listening comprehension is
crucial for language development, learning, and communication.
1.4 Border crossings:
In the context of teaching, border crossings refer to the connections and overlaps
between different subject areas or disciplines. It involves integrating concepts, skills, and
knowledge from various fields to create a more holistic and meaningful learning
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