A&P 2 Straighterline Final Exam Graded A 2024

A decrease in blood oxygen stimulates which of the following? - a. an increase in erythropoietin formation, which increases red blood cell production Antibodies are produced by which type of white blood cell? - lymphocytes Which statement about the structure of the heart is accurate? - b. The superior and inferior venae cavae enter the right atrium, and the pulmonary veins enter the left atrium. Which part of the cardiovascular system brings blood into the right atrium of the heart? - c. superior vena cava Deoxygenated blood flows through the pulmonary structures in what order? - d. pulmonary semilunar valve ⇒ pulmonary trunk ⇒ pulmonary arteries Oxygenated blood flows through the heart's structures in what order? - b. bicuspid valve ⇒ left ventricle ⇒ aortic semilunar valve In the human body, veins are categorized according to - size Which sequence correctly shows the direction of blood flow in the capillary network? - When do congenital heart diseases occur? - b. at birth How does arteriosclerosis affect the circulatory system? - c. It increases resistance to blood flow. Lymph consists of water and solutes derived from - b. cell tissue and plasma. Which of these mechanisms is responsible for moving lymph through lymphatic vessels? - b. contraction of skeletal muscles Which statement about diffuse lymphatic tissue is accurate? - a. It has a clear boundary. b. It contains macrophages. c. It is located superficial to mucous membranes. d. It is organized into compact, somewhat spherical structures. Which is a function of the lymphatic system? - b. regulation of fluid balance What would happen if excess lymph remained in the interstitial fluid instead of entering the lymphatic capillaries? - d. Edema would result, causing tissue damage and possibly death. Which cell type is part of the innate immune system? - a. natural killer cell b. memory B cell c. plasma cell d. helper T cell In the body's defense system, specificity and memory are key characteristics of - b. adaptive immunity. Which of these is an autoimmune disease? - d. systemic lupus erythematosus What is the first stage of HIV infection? - b. A protein on the surface of the virus binds to a CD4 molecule on the cell surface. Which three organs make up the lower respiratory tract? - a. pharynx, larynx, and trachea b. nose, nasal cavity, and pharynx c. pharynx, trachea, and bronchi d. trachea, bronchi, and lungs The process of moving air into and out of the lungs is called - d. ventilation. In the human body, internal respiration is a gas exchange between the - a. air in the lungs and the blood. b. air in the lungs and the tissues. c. blood and the lymph. d. blood and the tissues. The inspiratory reserve volume for a young adult male is 3000 mL, the tidal volume is 500 mL, and the expiratory reserve volume is 1100 mL. What is the vital capacity? - Select one: a. 1400 mL b. 2400 mL c. 4100 mL d. 4600 mL In the respiratory system, the muscles of inspiration include the diaphragm, the pectoralis minor, scalenes, and the - a. external intercostals. During inspiration, how does the air pressure outside the body compare with the air pressure in the alveoli? - a. The air pressure outside the body is lower than the air pressure in the alveoli. b. The air pressure outside the body is higher than the air pressure in the alveoli.