Wong s Essentials of Pediatric Nursing 10th Edition Hockenberry Rodgers Wilson (chapter 3)

Wong s Essentials of Pediatric Nursing 10th Edition Hockenberry Rodgers Wilson (chapter 3) lOMoAR cPSD| Chapter 03: Developmental and Genetic Influences on Child Health Promotion Hockenberry: Wong’s Essentials of Pediatric Nursing, 10th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. An infant gains head control before sitting unassisted. The nurse recognizes that this is which type of development? a. Cephalocaudal b. Proximodistal c. Mass to specific d. Sequential ANS: A The pattern of development that is head-to-tail, or cephalocaudal, direction is described by an infant’s ability to gain head control before sitting unassisted. The head end of the organism develops first and is large and complex, whereas the lower end is smaller and simpler, and development takes place at a later time. Proximodistal, or near to far, is another pattern of development. Limb buds develop before fingers and toes. Postnatally, the child has control of the shoulder before achieving mastery of the hands. Mass to specific is not a specific pattern of development. In all dimensions of growth, a definite, sequential pattern is followed. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 38 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 2. Which refers to those times in an individual’s life when he or she is more susceptible to positive or negative influences? a. Sensitive period b. Sequential period c. Terminal points d. Differentiation points ANS: A Sensitive periods are limited times during the process of growth when the organism will interact with a particular environment in a specific manner. These times make the organism more susceptible to positive or negative influences. The sequential period, terminal points, and differentiation points are developmental times that do not make the organism more susceptible to environmental interaction. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: p. 39 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 3. An infant who weighs 7 pounds at birth would be expected to weigh how many pounds at age 1 year? a. 14 b. 16 c. 18 d. 21 TestBankW lOMoAR cPSD| ANS: D In general, birth weight triples by the end of the first year of life. For an infant who was 7 pounds at birth, 21 pounds would be the anticipated weight at the first birthday; 14, 16, or 18 pounds is below what would be expected for an infant with a birth weight of 7 pounds. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 41 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 4. By what age does birth length usually double? a. 1 year b. 2 years c. 4 years d. 6 years ANS: C Linear growth or height occurs almost entirely as a result of skeletal growth and is considered a stable measurement of general growth. On average, most children have doubled their birth length at age 4 years. One and 2 years are too young for doubling of length. Most children will have achieved the doubling by age 4 years. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: p. 41 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 5. Parents of an 8-year-old child ask the nurse how many inches their child should grow each year. The nurse bases the answer on the knowledge that after age 7 years, school-age children usually grow what number of inches per year? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 ANS: B The growth velocity after age 7 years is approximately 5 cm (2 inches) per year. One inch is too small an amount. Three and 4 inches are greater than the average yearly growth after age 7 years. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply REF: p. 41 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 6. Parents express concern that their pubertal daughter is taller than the boys in her class. The nurse should respond with which statement regarding how the onset of pubertal growth spurt compares in girls and boys? a. It occurs earlier in boys. b. It occurs earlier in girls. c. It is about the same in both boys and girls. d. In both boys and girls, the pubertal growth spurt depends on growth in infancy. TestBankW lOMoAR cPSD| ANS: B Usually, the pubertal growth spurt begins earlier in girls. It typically occurs between the ages of 10 and 14 years for girls and 11 and 16 years for boys. The average earliest age at onset is 1 year earlier for girls. There does not appear to be a relation to growth during infancy. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply REF: p. 41 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 7. A 13-year-old girl asks the nurse how much taller she will get. She has been growing about 2 inches per year but grew 4 inches this past year. Menarche recently occurred. The nurse should base her response on which statement? a. Growth cannot be predicted. b. Pubertal growth spurt lasts about 1 year. c. Mature height is achieved when menarche occurs. d. Approximately 95% of mature height is achieved when menarche occurs. ANS: D At the time of the beginning of menstruation or the skeletal age of 13 years, most girls have grown to about 95% of their adult height. They may have some additional growth (5%) until the epiphyseal plates are closed. Although growth cannot be definitively predicted, on average, 95% of adult height has been reached with the onset of menstruation. Pubertal growth spurt lasts about 1 year does not address the girl’s question. Young women usually will grow approximately 5% more after the onset of menstruation. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply REF: p. 41 TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 8. How is a child’s skeletal age best determined? a. Assessment of dentition b. Assessment of height over time c. Facial bone development d. Radiographs of the hand and wrist ANS: D The most accurate measure of skeletal age is radiologic examinations of the growth plates. These are the epiphyseal cartilage plates. Radiographs of the hand and wrist provide the most useful screening to determine skeletal age. Age of tooth eruption has considerable variation in children. It would not be a good determinant of skeletal age. Assessment of height over time will provide a record of the child’s height but not skeletal age. Facial bone development will not reflect the child’s skeletal age, which is determined by radiographic assessment. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: p. 41 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 9. Trauma to which site can result in a growth problem for children’s long bones? a. Matrix b. Connective tissue TestBankW lOMoAR cPSD| c. Calcified cartilage d. Epiphyseal cartilage plate ANS: D The epiphyseal cartilage plate is the area of active growth. Bone injury at the epiphyseal plate can significantly affect subsequent growth and development. Trauma or infection can result in deformity. The matrix, connective tissue, and calcified cartilage are not areas of active growth. Trauma in these sites will not result in growth problems for the long bone