Summary FTT Basic Textiles - Textile Chemistry year 2

Textile Chemistry

,cotton fabric → yarns → fibres → micro fibres →polymers (cellulose) → glucose molecules → atoms




Three
atomic nucleus:

protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons

Protons → positively charged +
Neutrons → no charge / neutral
Electrons → negatively charged -


Atoms are electrically neutral !!

The mass of protons, electrons and neutrons:

u = atomic mass unit

Protons → 1 u
Neutrons → 1 u
Electrons → 0 u

Atomic number = number of protons (can be found in periodic table)
Atomic weight = Mass number = total number of protons AND neutrons in an atom (also
called atomic mass number)

If you want to calculate the amount of neutrons → atomic mass - atomic number = neutrons
in atom




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, Ions




Ions have the same number of protons, but a different number of electrons.
Number of protons can be found in the table.

For instance, CI → 17 protons. In the image above, the white balls around the one red (the
protons) are the electrons. So count these,

If you have more electrons than protons → negative charge → Anion
If you have less electrons than protons → positive charge → Cation

Isotopes have the same number of protons but
a different number of neutrons.
Same atomic number, different atomic mass
because the neutrons differ.
Eg. Carbon-12, Carbon-14 etc




The number at the bottom is the
number of protons. (8 in this case)
The top number (above the O) is the
mass.




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