SPCE 630 midterm Correct Questions & Answers(GRADED A)

History of Ethics in Applied Research - ANSWER Under present federal regulations The Public Health Service Act as amended by the National Institutes of Health Revitalization Act of 1993), sponsoring institutions must ensure the rights of research participants are protected Well designed applied research studies allow for: - ANSWER A) The systematic study of behaviors in typical environments (baseline measures) B) evaluation of a new intervention or innovation C) replications of findings from other studies under similar and novel conditions Institutional Review Board - ANSWER Committees responsible for reviewing proposed research studies National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research (1974) - ANSWER The National Research Act aided in the development Belmont Report - ANSWER provides guidelines focusing on three overarching principles to improve the protection of human participants in research studies: 1) Respect for persons 2) Beneficence 3)Justice respect for persons - ANSWER highlights the importance of voluntary involvement in research and explaining the purpose of a study and corresponding procedures (informed consent) as well as protection of vulnerable populations Beneficence - ANSWER focuses on the rules of "do no harm" and "maximize possible benefits and minimize possible harms." Justice - ANSWER highlights the importance of fairness especially as it relates to recruitment of participants and treatment of those from vulnerable or underrepresented populations Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects (1991) - ANSWER Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects" was published in 1991 and further specified the application of the principles of the Belmont Report in applied research. Conducting Research in Applied Settings - ANSWER Prior to official approvals, one must obtain initial permission to conduct research at a particular site After the study is completed parents, practitioners, and participants should be debriefed Recruiting Support and Participation - ANSWER Each institution has a set procedure to follow to request permission to work in schools and clinics Emphasis on real-life, community-based experiences require that research no longer be conducted within the confines of clinics and classrooms Common Courtesies - ANSWER Researchers should be sensitive to the disruption a research project may cause Divulging information during the study may create a dilemma Full, open, and honest disclosure of information is fundamental to ethical practice and the protection of participants' rights Recognition and Reinforcement of Participants - ANSWER You should always take care that any awards are not large enough that it could be considered coercive or to have undue influence Undue influence is generally defined as convincing participants to enroll in a study when they would not otherwise do so Securing Institutional and Agency Approval - ANSWER The process of institutional review varies among agencies and universities There are two typical procedures outlined for approval Two typical procedures outlined for approval: - ANSWER requires researchers to defend a written proposal before an Institutional Review Board. does not require researchers to defend a written proposal before an IRB What is the best way to increasing the probability of Approval - ANSWER write clearly and succinctly elaborating on any points that are likely to be viewed critically easily misunderstood, or sensitive You should take special care to describe your procedures in a way that they can be understood by someone without specialized knowledge in your field Special Populations - ANSWER Researchers should note that vulnerable populations receive special attention in the application and may require full review by the Institutional Review Board depending on the nature of the intervention and vulnerability of proposed participants Guidelines also require a description of safeguards for protection of vulnerable