100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Summary Intelligence Notes $5.80
Add to cart

Summary

Summary Intelligence Notes

 1 view  0 purchase
  • Course
  • Institution

A summary of concise and easy to read notes.

Preview 2 out of 6  pages

  • January 18, 2024
  • 6
  • 2021/2022
  • Summary
  • Unknown
avatar-seller
Intelligence

Part 1

 IQ is an index of an individuals intelligence score, tests of IQ can be non
verbal or verbal
 Advantages of non verbal tests eliminate issues with language, verbal abilities
and cultural differences.
Key figures and the dark history of intelligence
 Francis Galton : reasoned that intelligence is a product of natural selection, thus
must be genetically determined. Saw potential in theory of evolution for planned
human development (betterment).
 Binet & Simon: developed 1st IQ tests to measure student abilities for education
purposes – determine which children would make the most out of education
eliminating factors such as personality differences and social class differences giving
equal. Opportunity for them to perform well and get a good education.
 Lewis Terman and Maud Merrill
o Devised the Stanford-Binet scale
o Studied a sample of ‘gifted’ children throughout their lives – IQ of about 140
(longitudinal study)
o Highly intelligent individuals not weaklings and misfits but healthy and stable
 Lewis Terman
o Military use (Alpha, Beta test) to assign soldiers to tasks appropriate to their
abilities during WW1
o Eugenics: promote selective breeding to cultivate desirable characteristics
(intellectually and physically)
 Cyril Burt
o Advised the British government to use aptitude tests to determine which
children will go on to grammar schools (11+)
o His research on intelligence seemed to suggest that occupational levels and
social class are determined by innate and heredity levels of intelligence.
o Problems with data and analysis – fabricated?

Dark history of intelligence
 Other issues
o Cultural bias in test construction and standardization procedures
o Intelligence tests favour groups from more affluent backgrounds and
discriminate against less privileged racial, ethnic or social groups.

Non-verbal IQ test e.g. Raven’s Progressive Matrices

More recent IQ tests
 WISC (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children)
 WASI (Wechsler Adult Scale for Intelligence)
 Include verbal and non-verbal tests (tap into both crystalised and fluid intelligence)

, Basic concepts
 Genotype = genetic makeup of an organism
 Phenotype = observable physical properties of an organism; these include organisms’
appearance, development, and behaviour. Phenotype includes both genotype and
environmental influences
 We can only measure phenotype. Performance depends on many factors.
 Degrees of genetic relatedness = looking at people with various degrees of
relatedness can give us an understanding of the genetic basis of a concept. E.g.
identical twins share 100% of genetic makeup compared to siblings (50%) and
compare these to find out how much of the performance is genetically determined.
 Atheoretical definition of intelligence = intelligence is what IQ tests measure. No
theory of intelligence that will determine what questions should be included in an IQ
test.
 However: IQ tests highly correlate with each other and with other measures (e.g.
WM, Academic performance, problem solving, reasoning, career and income)
 Correlation = statistical test and term that examines the relationship between 2 or
more variables.


Part 2

Is intelligence a single construct?
 Generalised intelligence
o Single construct that influences all our cognitive functioning
o Demonstrated through correlations of performances on different tests
o Measures include
 Stanford – Binet
 Raven’s progressive matrices

Or is intelligence a multiple construct?
 Composed of fluid and crystalised intelligence (Catell, 1987)
o Fluid intelligence – cog. Functioning component not influenced by the
environment, fixed throughout lifetime
o Crystalised intelligence – stored factual information, benefits from schooling
can change throughout life span
 Supported by correlations between tests of FI. and CI. Respectively
 Both interact in some ways
 Relatively stable FI. But increasing CI. across life span
Is intelligence determined by genes or the environment?
 Twin studies – valuable to examine genetic characteristics. However hard to separate
genetics and environmental factors in IQ test performance

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller maryonanna. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $5.80. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

52355 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$5.80
  • (0)
Add to cart
Added