Class notes
Hoorcollege aantekeningen Risk Behavior and Addiction
- Course
- Institution
All courses in the Risk Behavior and Addiction course developed.
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
babetteroovers4
Content preview
Aantekeningen hoorcolleges Risk, Behavior & AddictionHoorcollege 1 Introduction
Oldest substance > beer
- Very old topics > fun and relaxed
- Still trending
1. How do we define Risk Behavior?
Risk Behavior : Behaviors that pose a risk to a healthy physical, cognitive, psychosocial
development of adolescents.
- Substance use : smoking, alcohol use, cannabis use, use of XTC and other party drugs
- Other risk behaviors : laten verslavingskenmerken zien > gambling, gaming, social
media use.
- Altijd over ontwikkeling van verslaving
Hall > illustratie van risico’s van substance use, risico voor mentale gezondheid
The general developmental proces (addiction) > verschilt per substances en
behaviors vooral in snelheid van ontwikkeling verslaving
- Contact with a substance
- Experimenting with a substance > je vindt het leuk of lekker, je gebruikt of doet het 1x
- Integrated use
- Excessive use
- Addicted use
Wat we zien als risk behavior hangt af van;
- Characteristics of the particular substance or behavior
Smoking vs gaming > smoking heel snel als je er aanleg voor hebt
(experimental fase). Eerste sein > feelings of craving.
Gaming en social media, xtc niet in de experimental fase > hangt ook af van
aanleg en disposities > vooral pas in excessive use
- Cultural and societal norms
Alcohol use in western vs Islamic cultures
- Scientific knowledge
Knowledge on the risks of alcohol use for the cognitive development of
adolescents > kennis is nu veel groter
Predictors of Risk Behavior > centraal model
- Al het Risk Behavior ontwikkelen door motivation, opportunity en capability
,Artikel Trucco > overview topics
2. Which (neurological) developments take place during adolescence
Adolescence (10-24j)
- early adolescence (10-13) ;
Fysieke groei, meisjes lopen een halfjaar voor.
Ouders worden minder belangrijk, vrienden belangrijker.
Social identity formation (kritieke fase) > hoe zien leeftijdsgenoten mij?
Gevormd door reacties van peers
Sexual maturation
Psychosocial development
- mid adolescence (14-18j);
Experimenteren met (risk) behaviours
Personal identity formation > hoe zie ik mezelf? Behoefte om uniek te zijn.
Sterke sociale identiteit > belangrijke taak om jezelf te vinden, eigen visie.
- late adolescence (19-24j);
Practicing adult roles
Neurological development during adolescence
1. Strong growth in brain volume; Increase in white matter (connections between brain
cells)
Loss of grey matter > piek M;11 J;12-13 (pruning)
2. High plasticity of the brain
Games voordelen > hand-oog coördinatie bv, voordelen totdat het ten koste
gaat van andere dingen en sociale ontwikkeling
3. Increase in white matter ; communication between brain regions strongly improves
(denken aan snelwegen)
Long term memory increases (ook recency effect)
Capacity for abstract thinking/metacogniton increases
Meer kritisch naar de buitenwereld, ook naar ouders > vergroot conflict
3. Why is there a peak in risk behaviours during adolescence?
U-shaped curve > risk behavior in adolescence
The speed of development of two different brain regions differs
1. The affective-motivational system (emotional brain) develops fast and early
overactive in early and mid adolescence (reward center)
stronger positive emotions than adults when they recieve or anticipate a
reward (allerlei soorten) > vergroot door testosteron
, 2. The control system (rational brain)
Develops slowly (ongeveer tot 25)
Important role in the development of executive functions
1. Risk estimation gets better
2. Monitoring long-term goals increases
3. Inhibit the tendency to respond to (short-term) possibilities for reward
(impulse control, behavioral inhibition, self control)
The Maturational Imbalance model
- Increased risk-taking during adolescence is a result of an imbalance between reward
sensitivity (the affective motivational system) and impulse control (control system)
- The horse and rider metaphor > horse impulsive, rider control
- Motivational system; bottom-up processes, behavioral activation (BAS)
- Control system; top-down processes, behavioral inhibition (BIS)
4. What are psycho-active substances (drugs)?
How can we define drugs or psycho-active substances?
Psychoactive substance; are chemical substances that cross the blood-brain barrier and
affect the function of the central nervous system thereby altering perception, mood, or
consciousness (e.g., high/ euphoria, relaxation)
- induce craving after (regular) use
- evoke loss of control after they have been used (regularly)
- Beiden maken het moeilijk om te stoppen
Verschil in;
- type and strength of the psychoactive effect
- the degree to which they elicit craving and loss of control
Which substance has the highest risk to develop addiction after one has used the
substance?
, - nicotine > geen effect op dagelijks leven
- heroïne
- cocaïne
- alcohol
- cannabis
- benzo
- paddo
- xtc
Types of drugs
- Hallucinogens > change perception and emotions
- Downers (depressants) > relax, uiteindelijk geen gevoel
- Uppers (stimulants) > arousal, opgewekt, geen slaap nodig.
5. How do we define Addiction?
Sussman > twee definities (intensional en extensional
- Intensional; these definitions aim to describe a causal addiction process (Table
1.2)
- Extensional; a classification of characteristics of an addiction (DSM-5)
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller babetteroovers4. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $6.19. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
48298 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 15 years now