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week 2 samenvatting faba204

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hoorcollege + fimpjes+ werkcolleges

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  • January 21, 2024
  • 19
  • 2023/2024
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Hoorcollege 2 Biologische geneesmiddelen
Wat voor soort sequentie zet je in het “gen van interesse”?
à DNA, de coderende gensequentie:
alle belangrijke informatie van het
gen zit tussen de start en stopcodon.

Hoe kan je het gen amplificeren?




Moet je weten!:
• mRNA haal je uit
het weefsel waar
het gen tot
expressie komt
• Reverse
transcriptase
zet mRNA om in
cDNA (coding
DNA)
• Kan worden
geamplificeerd met PCR

à Cel produceert duizende genen à worden allemaal omgezet door reverse transcriptase
à De bulk van RNA in de cel is ribosomaal RNA en niet messenger RNA, maar ribosomaal
RNA wordt niet geamplificeerd met deze techniek door gebruik van poly-A staart (waar
primer aan bindt) = oligo-DT primer (moet complementair zijn)

, 1. Primer is een begin (startpunt), waaraan een enzym wordt toegevoegd die verlengt =
Reverse transcriptase
2. Je wilt alleen DNA en geen RNA, dus vervolgens voeg je RNAse toe (enzym dat
alleen RNA kan afbreken)
3. Je houdt een single strand cDNA over

PCR




1. Primer kiezen die alleen bindt aan DNA van gen van interesse (hierna dubbelstrengs
DNA)
2. Amplificatie (alleen gen van interesse) à dubbelstrengs DNA
3. Denaturatie (DNA uit elkaar à primers kunnen binden), primer binding, amplificatie

Enzym PCR: DNA polymerase (DNA naar DNA)




What is needed?

1. DNA template (in this case cDNA)
2. Primers: forward and reverse (Why??)
3. DNA polymerase
4. Deoxyribonucleotides: dATP, dGTP, dTTP, dCTP

, 3 steps per cycle:

1. Denaturation (94°): DNA from double to single strand
2. Annealing (60°): primer binds to the complementary sequence on DNA
3. Elongation (72°): DNA polymerase adds nucleotides starting from the pre-existing 3’
end of a primer. The newly made strand grows in 5’ > 3’ direction




Gen moet in plasmide met resistentiegen.
1. Plamide wordt open geknipt met
restricitie enzymen
2. Fragment heeft overhang niet in
fragment, rechte uiteinden = fragment
knippen met restrictie enzym
3. Fragment in plasmide met DNA ligase




3 types of cleavage:
1. Cleave 3’ off center: 5’ overhang (sticky end)
2. Cleave 5’ off center:
3’ overhang (sticky end) 3. Cleave in the middle:
blunt end

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