How are cells specialized?
ANSWER: through the process of differentiation or maturation
What are the eight specialized cellular functions?
ANSWER: movement, conductivity, metabolic absorption, secretion, excretion,
respiration, reproduction, and communication
What are the three general comp...
ANSWER: the largest membrane-bound organelle and is found usually in the cell's
center. The chief functions of the nucleus are cell division and control of genetic
information.
What is Cytoplasm?
ANSWER: an aqueous solution (cytosol) that fills the space between the nucleus
and the plasma membrane.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum and what does it specialize in?
ANSWER: a network of tubular channels (cisternae) that extend throughout the
outer nuclear membrane. It specializes in the synthesis and transport of protein and lipid
components of most of the organelles
What is the Golgi complex and what does it do?
ANSWER: a network of smooth membranes and vesicles located near the
nucleus. The Golgi complex is responsible for processing and packaging proteins into
secretory vesicles
What are lysosomes and what do they do?
ANSWER: saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain
digestive enzymes. These enzymes are responsible for digesting most cellular
substances to their basic form, such as amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates
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What are peroxisomes?
ANSWER: involved in the production and breakdown of hydrogen peroxide
Importance of proteins in disease
ANSWER: The major workhorses of the cell, if misfolded they can cause diseases
What are mitochondria responsible for?
ANSWER: . Mitochondria contain the metabolic machinery necessary for cellular
energy metabolism (Makes ATP).
What is the cytoskeleton?
ANSWER: the "bone and muscle" of the cell. The internal skeleton is composed of
a network of protein filaments, including microtubules and actin filaments
(microfilaments).
What is the plasma membrane?
ANSWER: encloses the cell and, by controlling the movement of substances
across it, exerts a powerful influence on metabolic pathways
What is signal transduction?
ANSWER: The transfer of molecular signals from the exterior to the interior of a
cell. If not done apoptosis occurs
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