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Lecture: Memory + the Brain
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Lecture notes Memory and the Brain for BSc Psychology
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L10- Memory + the brainBrain structures + memory
Amnesia (2 types)
Retrograde
- Memory loss for events BEFORE the accident
Anterograde
- Memory loss for events AFTER the accident
- Inability to acquire new memories
Amnesic syndrome
- Retrograde + anterograde amnesia
- Impaired semantic learning
- intact STM (digital span)
- intact skill learning (procedural memory)
Causes of amnesia
Psychogenic memory disorders
- Psychological trauma/ PTSD
- Multiple personality disorder
Organic memory disorders
- ACUTE brain damage
o Stroke= brain tissue damage by blood or by lack of oxygen supply
o Encephalitis= viral infection of the brain
- PROGRESSIVE brain damage (over years/decades)
o Korsakoff syndrome following alcoholism
o Dementias/Alzheimer’s disease
, Interpretation of amnesia
Impaired LTM BUT intact STM
Impaired explicit memory BUT intact implicit memory
Impaired semantic + episodic memory BUT intact procedural memory
Processes affected in amnesia
Retrograde amnesia= retrieval/storage
Anterograde amnesia= consolidation/storage/retrieval
In general- amnesia affects the storage of integrated information in LTM
Case study- patient HM
Male + aged 27- presenting severe chronic epilepsy
He was subjected to an experimental surgery to alleviate the source of the epilepsy- it
involved the removal of:
- Hippocampus bilaterally
- Medial temporal cortex bilaterally
HM’s epilepsy became controllable BUT resulted in a general amnesic syndrome
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