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Lecture Introduction to Behaviourist and Cognitive Approaches to Learning
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Lecture notes Introduction to Behaviourist and Cognitive Approaches to Learning for BSc Psychology
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L1- Introduction to Behaviourist + Cognitive Approaches to LearningHierarchy of adaptive behaviour
ReflexesFixed action pattern (FAP) Habituation Classical + instrumental conditioning
Behaviourist psychology
Behaviourist movement- around 1900- response to the dominant method of
introspection (Wundt)
Originally- theories based on OBSERVABLES= stimuli + responses
‘LEARNING’= main theme of behaviourist psych
Behaviourismcognitivism= stimulus, response + problem of ‘internal’ representation
Cognitive psychology
1950s- certain types of human + animal behaviour= too complex to be explained by
behaviourist theory
Cognitive processes= storage, retrieval + transformation of information- ‘internal’
(mental) representations that these processes can operate
Computer metaphor of human mind (e.g. memory)- focuses on information processing
at a symbolic level
LEARNING= process by which relatively long-lasting changes occur in behavioural potential
due to experience
MEMORY= relatively permanent record of the experience that underlies learning
Early research on learning + memory
Learning
- Pavlov- Classical conditioning
- Thorndike
Memory
- Ebbinghaus
Classical conditioning
An unconditioned (naturally occurring) stimulus e.g. food
An unconditioned (NOT been learnt/ innate) response e.g. salivation to the taste of food
A conditioned stimulus e.g. bell + unconditioned stimulus e.g. food- the organism learns
to ASSOCIATE the pair
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