Cultural Anthropology: Appreciating Cultural Diversity
Kottak glossary for the subject CA2. All concepts in the chapters Kinship (H10), Marriage (H11), Subsistence Strategies (H7), Political Systems (H8), Religion (H12), and Language (H5).
H10 Verwantschap
Descent Groups include people who share a common ancestry, they descend from the same
ancestors. Descent groups typically are spread out among several villages, so that all their members
do not reside together. Descent groups tend to be found in societies with economies based on
horticulture, pastoralism, or agriculture.
Family of orientation the nuclear family in which one is born and grows up.
Family of procreation the nuclear family formed when one marries and has children.
Neolocality the living situation in which a couple establishes new residence away from their
parents.
Expanded family household a household that includes a group of relatives other than, or in
addition to, a married couple and their children.
Extended family household an expanded household with three or more generations.
Unilineal descent matrilineal or patrilineal descent. One line of descent is used.
Lineage a unilineal descent group based on demonstrated descent. Members demonstrate how
they descend from their common ancestor, by naming forebears in each generation from the apical
ancestor through the present.
Clan a unilineal descent group based on stipulated descent. These groups merely claim, assert, or
stipulate their common ancestry.
Ambilineal descent a flexible descent rule, neither patrilineal nor matrilineal. Group membership
is neither automatic at birth nor fixed for life. Individuals have a choice about their descent group
affiliation, and they can belong to more than one descent group.
Kinship calculation the relationships based on kinship that people recognize in a particular
society, and how they talk about those relationships.
Ego the position from which one views an egocentric genealogy.
Kin terms the words used for different relatives in a particular language and system of kinship
calculation. Terms cultural rather than biological.
Bilateral kinship calculation kin ties calculated equally through both sexes.
Lineal relatives ego’s direct ancestors and descendants, anyone on the direct line of descent that
leads to and from ego.
Collateral relatives all the other kin, a relative outside ego’s direct line (siblings, nieces, nephews,
aunts, uncles).
Affinals relatives by marriage.
Lineal kinship terminology the nuclear family is the most important group based on kinship, it
distinguishes lineal from collateral relatives. FB=FM -> both called uncle.
Bifurcate merging kinship terminology splits the mother’s side from the father’s side, also merges
same-sex siblings. One’s mother and mother’s sister are merged together under the same term. Used
in societies with unilineal descent.
Generational kinship terminology uses the same terms for parents and their siblings. There are
only two terms for relatives on the parental generation -> father and mother. Generational kinship
2
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