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samenvatting microbiologie 1V periode 4
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volledige samenvatting van het vak microbiologie gegeven in het eerste jaar verpleegkunde
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By: almacaushaj • 5 year ago
By: Pride • 6 year ago
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INHOUDinleiding.....................................................................................................................................................................4
indeling van de micro organismen........................................................................................................................4
verschillen morfologie van prokaryote en eukaryote cellen............................................................................4
bacteriën...................................................................................................................................................................5
bouw van bacterie.................................................................................................................................................5
1) kern...............................................................................................................................................................5
2) cytoplasma....................................................................................................................................................6
3) cytoplasmamembraan..................................................................................................................................6
4) celwand.........................................................................................................................................................6
5) uitwendige structuren...................................................................................................................................7
classificatie van bacterien.....................................................................................................................................8
vorm van de bacterie........................................................................................................................................8
gramkleuring van bacterie................................................................................................................................9
classificatie naar zuurstofehoefe van de bacterie.......................................................................................11
metabolsime van bacteriën.................................................................................................................................11
voedingsvereisten bacteriën...........................................................................................................................11
energieproductie van bacteriën......................................................................................................................11
virussen...................................................................................................................................................................12
morfologische kenmerken..................................................................................................................................12
eigenschappen van een virus..............................................................................................................................12
vermeningvuldigen van een virus.......................................................................................................................12
afweer tegen virussen.........................................................................................................................................13
diagnose virussen................................................................................................................................................13
isolatie van virussen........................................................................................................................................13
aantonen van antiststooen.............................................................................................................................13
histologische diagnose....................................................................................................................................13
overdragen van micro organismen.........................................................................................................................14
definities..............................................................................................................................................................14
besmetngcyclus.................................................................................................................................................14
micro organismen............................................................................................................................................14
besmetngsbron.............................................................................................................................................15
overdrachtswegen...........................................................................................................................................15
inganspoorten.................................................................................................................................................15
ziekenhuisinfecties..............................................................................................................................................15
endogene infecties en kruisinfecties...............................................................................................................16
, frequentie van ziekenhuisinfectie...................................................................................................................16
meest voorkomende ziekenhuisinfecties.......................................................................................................16
relatie mens en micro organisme............................................................................................................................17
mutualisme..........................................................................................................................................................17
commensalisme...................................................................................................................................................18
oorsprong en lokalisatie van de commensale fora........................................................................................18
samenstelling commensale fora....................................................................................................................18
beïnvloedende factoren op de samenstelling van commensale fora............................................................19
belang van commensale fora voor de gastheer.............................................................................................19
paratisme.............................................................................................................................................................20
antibiotica................................................................................................................................................................20
inleiding...............................................................................................................................................................20
werkingsmechanisme van antibiotica.................................................................................................................20
activiteit en werkingspectrum van antibiotica....................................................................................................21
bepaling gevoelighiied van baceriën aan antimicrobiële middelen...................................................................22
bacteriele resistentie tegen antibiotica..............................................................................................................22
overzicht van belangrijkste ziekteverwerkers.........................................................................................................23
bacteriën die via luchtwegen binnendringen.....................................................................................................23
belang van de luctwegen voor infecties..........................................................................................................23
factoren die de natuurlijke respiratoire verdeging verzwakken.....................................................................23
besmetng van de luchtwegen met micro organismen.................................................................................23
streptococcus pyogenes..................................................................................................................................24
neisseria meningtidis.......................................................................................................................................24
haemophilus infuenza (niet omkapsels en omkapseld).................................................................................25
bacteriën die via gastro intestinaal kanaal binnendringen.................................................................................26
escherichia coli (E coli)....................................................................................................................................26
salmonelle enterica.........................................................................................................................................26
helicobacter pylori...........................................................................................................................................27
clostridium botilinum......................................................................................................................................27
clostridium dificile...........................................................................................................................................28
bacterien die via de huid binnendringen............................................................................................................29
stafylokokkus aureus.......................................................................................................................................29
clostridium tetani............................................................................................................................................30
clostridium perfringens...................................................................................................................................30
bacteriën die via seksueel contact worden overgedragen.................................................................................30
neisseria gonorrhoeae.....................................................................................................................................30
chlamydia trachomatis....................................................................................................................................31
,virussen...............................................................................................................................................................31
RNA VIRUSSEN.................................................................................................................................................31
DNA virussen...................................................................................................................................................33
hepatitits virussen...........................................................................................................................................33
, MICROBIOLOGIE
INLEIDING
Microbiologie = wetenschap die micro organismen (enkel met microscoop te zien) bestudeert , ze onderzoeken
verschillende dingen van micro organismen:
Voorkomen
Fysiologie en voortplanting
Invloeden op de mens
Rol van micro organismen dagdagelijks leven
! verband met ziekten
Enkele bekende voorbeelden: micro-organismen, bacteriën, protozoa, schimmels, virussen en wormen
Medische microbiologie = studie van mo die de mens ziek maken en voor mens van direct belang zijn
INDELING VAN DE MICRO ORGANISMEN
Alle levende wezens bestaan uit cellen, hiervan zijn er 2 soorten:
Eukaryote cellen
= cel met een kern waarin DNA is opgeslagen. Ze bevaten naast de kern ook nog andere organellen.
Voorbeelden: planten, dierlijke cellen, schimmels en protozoa
Prokaryote cellen
= cel zonder een kern waarin DNA vrij in het cytoplasma ligt, het heef ook geen celorganellen. Ze
hebben wel een rigide celwand en relatief eenvoudige celstructuur.
Voorbeelden: bacteriën, ..
VERSCHILLEN MORFOLOGIE VAN PROKARYOTE EN EUKARYOTE CELLEN
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