AICE Psychology AS Paper 1 Questions with 100% Complete Solutions| Rated A+

Schachter/Singer Aims - 1) To investigate the role cognitive factors have in the experience of emotion when we are in a state of physiological arousal that has no immediate explanation. 2) When we do have an appropriate explanation for feeling physical arousal, to see whether we always label it as the most appropriate emotion. 3) To see whether a person will react emotionally to a certain situation based on his or her physiological arousal even if the cognitive elements of the situation remain the same. Schachter/Singer What Participants Were Told - That they wanted to take various vision tests in order to see how the vitamin supplement "Suproxin" affects vision. Schachter/Singer Main Conclusions - 1) When participants had a satisfactory explanation for their physiological state of arousal, they did NOT label this state with alternative information that was available. 2) Those who were injected and told exactly what they would feel and why did not show heightened levels of that emotion. 3)Those who did not have an adequate explanation used the current situation they were in to explain their heightened physiological state. Schachter/Singer Conclusion - -There are TWO factors involved in our experiences of emotions: our physiological arousal/state, and the information/cognitions that help us to understand the behavior we feel. -These interact and make us feel different emotions. Schachter/Singer Approach - Biological Approach - Physiological psychologists are interested in how our biology affects our physiology. Dement Overall Aim - Investigate dreaming in an objective way by looking for relationships between eye movement and the sleeper's recall of dreams. Dement Aims - 1) Test whether dream recall differs between REM and nREM sleep. 2)Test whether there is a positive correlation between subjective estimates of dream duration and length of REM period. 3) Test whether eye-movement patterns are related to dream content. Dement What Participants Were Told - The true aims of the study → NOT DECEIVED Dement Main Conclusions - All 3 hypotheses/aims confirmed: 1) Subjects reported many more dreams during and right after REM than other periods. Dreams probably (not certainly) occur during REM sleep, which occurs regularly throughout the night. 2) Subjects estimates of dream duration corresponds to REM duration - Dreams appear to happen in "real time," rather than instantaneously. 3) Eye movements during REM sleep correspond to where, and at what, the dreamer is looking in the dream. Dement Approach - Biological Approach - Physiological psychologists are interested in how our biology affects our physiology. Canli Aims - 1) Canli aimed to show that emotive images will be remembered better than those that have little emotional impact on an individual. 2) To examine whether the amygdala is sensitive to varying to differing degrees of emotional intensity to external stimuli. 3) To examine whether the level of intensity enhances memory for the stimuli. Canli What Participants Were Told - The true aim of the study → NOT DECEIVED Canli Main Conclusions - 1) The amygdala is sensitive to individually experienced emotional intensity of visual scenes. 2) The activity in the left amygdala during encoding can predict subsequent memory. 3) The degree to which the amygdala activation at encoding can predict subsequent memory is a function of emotional intensity. 4) The more emotionally intense an image is, the more likely it will be remembered. 5) Some of the findings are correlational rather than experimental. Canli Approach - Biological Approach - Physiological psychologists are interested in how our biology affects our physiology. Andrade Aim - To test whether doodling aided concentration in a boring task. Andrade What Participants Were Told - They were simply told to write down the names of the people who were attending the party and not those who were not. Andrade Main Conclusion - Participants who performed a shape shading task concentrated better on a mock telephone message than participants who listened to the message with no concurrent task. Andrade Approach - Cognitive Approach - Cognitive psychologists are interested in processes that work within the mind and how these affect behavior, thoughts, and feelings, and in how these processes can be supported to improve the outcome.