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samenvatting anatomie en fysiologie

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  • Start to nurse
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  • Odisee Hogeschool (Odisee)

Een heel goede samenvatting van anatomie en fysiologie in start to nurse 1ste ba verpleegkunde aan odisee. Zelf heel goede punten mee behaald. het omvat alles wat er in de les gezien werd. Is een samenvatting van pwp, deel van het boek en eigen notities. voor het vak start to nurse haalde ik zelf 1...

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Document information

  • January 22, 2024
  • 52
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary

Subjects

  • ademhalingsstelsel
  • urinairstelsel
  • cardiovasculairstelsel
  • bloed
  • lymfestelsel en immuniteit
  • gastro intestinaal stelsel

Written for

  • Odisee Hogeschool (Odisee)
  • Professionele bachelor verpleegkunde
  • Start to nurse
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lisaschulte20052003

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Samenvatting S2N; anatomie en fysiologie
Table des matières
Hoofdstuk 1: een inleiding tot anatomie en fysiologie ........................................................................... 4
Anatomie vs fysiologie......................................................................................................................... 4
Organisatieniveaus .............................................................................................................................. 4
11 orgaanstelsels ................................................................................................................................. 5
Homeostase ......................................................................................................................................... 5
Negatieve/ positieve terugkoppeling .................................................................................................. 6
Anatomische termen ........................................................................................................................... 7
Lichaamsholten ................................................................................................................................... 8
Hoofdstuk 2: de celstructuur en functie.................................................................................................. 9
Cel: de basis ......................................................................................................................................... 9
Plasmamembraan ................................................................................................................................ 9
Membraantransport .......................................................................................................................... 10
Organellen in het cytoplasma............................................................................................................ 11
Celkern............................................................................................................................................... 12
Hoofdstuk 15: ademhalingsstelsel......................................................................................................... 12
Overzicht............................................................................................................................................ 12
Functies ............................................................................................................................................. 12
De onderdelen ................................................................................................................................... 12
Luchtgeleiding ................................................................................................................................... 13
Gaswisseling ...................................................................................................................................... 14
Functies en samenstelling ..................................................................................................................... 15
Functies ............................................................................................................................................. 15
Samenstelling .................................................................................................................................... 16
Bloedplasma (55%) ................................................................................................................................ 16
Erytrocyten ............................................................................................................................................ 16
Plaats van het hart in het bloedvatenstelsel ......................................................................................... 18
Uitwendige anatomie ........................................................................................................................ 18
De hartwand ...................................................................................................................................... 19
Inwendige anatomie .......................................................................................................................... 19
De bloedtoevoer naar het hart: coronaire circulatie = kransslagaders, kransarders ........................ 19
De hartslag............................................................................................................................................. 20
Het geleidingssysteem ....................................................................................................................... 20


1

,De hartcyclus ......................................................................................................................................... 20
Atriale systole .................................................................................................................................... 21
Ventriculaire systole .......................................................................................................................... 21
Ventriculaire diastole......................................................................................................................... 21
Hartdynamica ........................................................................................................................................ 22
Bloedvaten en bloedsomloop ............................................................................................................... 22
Arteriën.............................................................................................................................................. 23
Capillairen .......................................................................................................................................... 23
Venen................................................................................................................................................. 23
Fysiologie van de bloedsomloop ........................................................................................................... 23
Factoren die van invloed zijn op doorbloeding ................................................................................. 23
Weerstand ..................................................................................................................................... 23
Druk ................................................................................................................................................... 24
Drukverschillen in de grote bloedsomloop ....................................................................................... 24
Cardiovasculaire regulering ................................................................................................................... 24
Autoregulatie ..................................................................................................................................... 25
Neurale regulering van bloeddruk en bloedvolume.......................................................................... 25
Hormonale regulering van hart en bloedvaten ................................................................................. 25
Hoofdstuk; het gastro-intestinaal stelsel ............................................................................................... 25
Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................. 25
Overzicht............................................................................................................................................ 26
Histologische organisatie: 4 grote lagen............................................................................................ 26
Cavitas oris (mondholte) ................................................................................................................... 27
Speekselklieren .............................................................................................................................. 27
Pharynx (keelholte)............................................................................................................................ 28
Oesophagus (slokdarm) ..................................................................................................................... 28
Gaster (maag) .................................................................................................................................... 29
pH3 maagwand.............................................................................................................................. 29
Regulering ...................................................................................................................................... 30
Intestinum tenue (dunne darm) ........................................................................................................ 31
Duodenum ..................................................................................................................................... 32
Darmwand ..................................................................................................................................... 32
Functie ........................................................................................................................................... 32
Pancreas (alvleesklier) ....................................................................................................................... 33
Functie ........................................................................................................................................... 33
Hepar (lever) ...................................................................................................................................... 33

2

, Macroscopische anatomie............................................................................................................. 33
De leverpoort................................................................................................................................. 34
Functies ......................................................................................................................................... 34
Galwegen en galblaas (vesica fellea en vesica biliaris) ...................................................................... 34
Functie ........................................................................................................................................... 35
Caecum (blindedarm) ........................................................................................................................ 35
Colon (korte darm) ............................................................................................................................ 35
Rectum (endeldarm) & anus ............................................................................................................. 36
Functie rectum: tijdelijke opslag faeces ............................................................................................ 36
Functie anus: defaeatie ..................................................................................................................... 36
Bevloeiing .......................................................................................................................................... 36
Vertering en opname van voedingsstoffen ....................................................................................... 36
Hoofdstuk 18; het urinair stelsel ........................................................................................................... 37
Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................. 37
Functies ......................................................................................................................................... 37
Organisatie van het urinair stelsel ..................................................................................................... 37
Nieren ................................................................................................................................................ 37
Topografie ...................................................................................................................................... 37
Uitwendige anatomie .................................................................................................................... 38
Op doorsnede ................................................................................................................................ 38
Nefronen........................................................................................................................................ 38
Bloedtoevoer en – afvoer .............................................................................................................. 38
Het nefron ..................................................................................................................................... 39
Regulatie nierfunctie ......................................................................................................................... 43
Autoregulatie ................................................................................................................................. 43
Sympatische regulering ................................................................................................................. 44
Hormonale regulering ................................................................................................................... 44
Urinetransport, opslag en verwijdering ............................................................................................ 45
Ureters ........................................................................................................................................... 45
Urineblaas...................................................................................................................................... 45
Urethra .......................................................................................................................................... 45
Hoofdstuk 14; het lymfestelsel en immuniteit ...................................................................................... 46
Immuniteit ......................................................................................................................................... 46
Lymfestelsel ....................................................................................................................................... 46
Belangrijkste functies .................................................................................................................... 46
Lymfevaten .................................................................................................................................... 46

3

, Lymfocyten .................................................................................................................................... 47
Lymfefollikels ................................................................................................................................. 47
Lymfeknopen ................................................................................................................................. 47
Niet-specifieke afweer ....................................................................................................................... 47
Fysieke barrières ............................................................................................................................ 47
Fagocyten ...................................................................................................................................... 48
Immunologische surveillance ........................................................................................................ 48
Interferonen .................................................................................................................................. 48
Complementsysteem ..................................................................................................................... 48
De ontstekingsreactie .................................................................................................................... 48
Koorts ............................................................................................................................................ 49
Specifieke afweer .............................................................................................................................. 49
Typen immuniteit .......................................................................................................................... 50
T - en B – lymfocyten ..................................................................................................................... 51
T - lymfocyten ................................................................................................................................ 51
B – lymfocyten ............................................................................................................................... 51



Hoofdstuk 1: een inleiding tot anatomie en fysiologie
Anatomie vs fysiologie
Anatomie

= letterlijk “opensnijden”

= de studie van de inwendige en uitwendige bouw en structuur van het menselijk lichaam en de
FYSIEKE relaties tussen lichaamsdelen

- Macroscopische anatomie
- Microscopische anatomie, op verschillende niveaus
o Cytologie > cel
o Histologie > weefsels

Fysiologie

= de studie van de functie van het menselijk lichaam en al zijn onderdelen

= vitale functies

- Werking van het lichaam begrijpen
- Ziektes begrijpen > bestrijden

Onderzoekt een histoloog de macroscopische of de microscopische anatomie? Microscopische

Organisatieniveaus



4

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